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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Detection of viral infections in communities of Apis mellifera using molecular-biological methods
No full textDokazivanje virusnih infekcija pĉela od velikog je interesa za pravilnu procjenu odnosa izmeĊu domaćina i potencijalnog patogena. Do izrade ove doktorske teze, na teritoriji Bosne i Hercegovine nije bilo prouĉavanja koja bi dokaz virusnih infekcija pĉela dovela do mogućnosti kliniĉke procjene patološkog odnosa za eko-genotip prilagoĊene pĉelinje zajednice. Evolucijski adaptirani virusi medonosne pĉele Apis mellifera carnica, sa stanovišta veterinarske entomologije, veterinarske virusologije i infektivnih bolesti, te saznanja veterinarskog servisa uopšte, nisu bili dovoljno prepoznati. Pojava i dostupnost molekularnih dijagnostiĉkih metoda omogućile su senzitivno i specifiĉno dokazivanje dijela genoma virusa koji inficiraju pĉelinje zajednice. Iz ekstrahovanih uzoraka templata razliĉitih uzoraka homogenizata sluĉajno uzorkovanih pĉela, RNK, sa jednim parom prajmera za svaki virus, pojedinaĉno, redoslijedom: BQCV, DWV, SBV, ABPV, KBV, CBPV uraĊeni su amplifikacijski protokoli i dobijeni rezultati za klasiĉan, end point, RT-PCR. Ovom doktorskom disertacijom dobijeni su prvi rezultati koji se odnose na utvrĊivanje prisustva i raširenosti virusnih infekcija kod vrste Apis mellifera u pĉelinjacima Bosne i Hercegovine. Od oko dvadeset virusa koji inficiraju pĉele i pĉelinje zajednice, metodama primjenjive molekularne dijagnostike u ovoj doktorskoj tezi dokazivali smo prisustvo virusnih infekcija za šest najviše prouĉavanih virusa pĉela. Dobijeni rezultati dokazali su prisustvo pet od šest traţenih virusa sa razliĉitim kombinacijama koinfekcija te raznolikom prostornom distribucijom virusa. Poznavanje sloţenih mehanizama virusnih infekcija pĉelinjih zajednica neophodnost je koja sa novim saznanjima proglašava neke od virusa emergentnim patogenima, koji bitno narušavaju opstanak pĉelinje zajednice. U patološko-sinergistiĉkom odnosu sa nametnikom pĉelinje zajednice Varroa destructor neki pĉelinji virusi uzroci su globalno registrovanih gubitaka. Dio istraţivanja u radu odnosio se na terensko prouĉavanje dinamike prisustva grinje Varroa destructor u pĉelinjim zajednicama. Za pravilno donošenje suda o uzroku ugibanja pĉelinjih zajednica, pored postojećih zahtjeva kontrole patogena pĉela definisanih procedurama dijagnostiĉkog manuala i Koda OIE-a, bilo bi potrebno imati i rezultate kojim bi se dokazalo kvalitativno i kvantitativno prisustvo virusa kod vrste Apis mellifera. UvoĊenje i standardizacija molekularno-bioloških metoda u rutinskoj dijagnostici virusnih bolesti pĉela je opravdano. Samo je pitanje vremena kada će virusne infekcije pĉela biti predmet rutinske dijagnostike kojim se kontrolišezdravstveni status pĉelinje zajednice.Evidence of viral infection of bees is of great interest for the proper assessment of the relationship between host and pathogen potential. By making this doctoral thesis on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, where before was no present study of evidence of viral infections, lead to ability on clinical evaluation of pathological relations for eco-genotype adapted colonies. Evolutionarily adapted viruses honeybee Apis mellifera, from the veterinary entomology, veterinary virology and infectious diseases, and knowledge of the veterinary services in general, have not been recognized enough. The appearance and availability of molecular diagnostic methods have allowed sensitive and specific detection part of the genome of the virus that infects the colonies. Templates were extracted from samples of different patterns, homogenisate, randomly sampled bees, RNA, with a pair of primers for each virus, respectively, in the order: BQCV, DWV, SBV, ABPV, KBV, CBPV amplification protocols were done and the results obtained by conventional, end point, RT -PCR. This doctoral dissertation obtained the first results concerning the determination of the presence and spread of viral infections in the species Apis mellifera in Bosnia and Herzegovina. From about twenty viruses that can infect bees and hives using diagnostic methods applicable in this doctoral thesis we demonstrate the presence of viral infections of six most studied viruses of bees. The obtained results showed the presence five of the six essential viruses in forms of co-infection with different combinations and varied virus spatial distribution. Awareness of the complex mechanisms of viral infections in colonies is that the new knowledge proclaimed a virus as "emergent pathogen" that significantly impairs the survival of honeybee colonies. The pathogenic synergistic relationship with the parasite Varroa destructor causes that bee viruses are globally listed as reasons for losses. Part of the research work was related to the field study of the dynamics of the presence of Varroa destructor mites in honey bee colonies. For a accurate judgment of the deaths of bee colonies, in addition to existing requirements bee pathogen control procedures defined by diagnostic Manuals and Code of the OIE, it would be necessary to have the results to prove the qualitative and quantitative presence of the virus in the species Apis mellifera. The introduction and standardization of molecular biological methods in routine diagnosis of viral diseases of bees is justified. It is only a matter of time before the virus infections of bees will be subject to routine diagnostics which controls the health of bee colonie
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Detection of viral infections in communities of Apis mellifera using molecular-biological methods
Get PDFDokazivanje virusnih infekcija pĉela od velikog je interesa za pravilnu procjenu odnosa izmeĊu domaćina i potencijalnog patogena. Do izrade ove doktorske teze, na teritoriji Bosne i Hercegovine nije bilo prouĉavanja koja bi dokaz virusnih infekcija pĉela dovela do mogućnosti kliniĉke procjene patološkog odnosa za eko-genotip prilagoĊene pĉelinje zajednice. Evolucijski adaptirani virusi medonosne pĉele Apis mellifera carnica, sa stanovišta veterinarske entomologije, veterinarske virusologije i infektivnih bolesti, te saznanja veterinarskog servisa uopšte, nisu bili dovoljno prepoznati. Pojava i dostupnost molekularnih dijagnostiĉkih metoda omogućile su senzitivno i specifiĉno dokazivanje dijela genoma virusa koji inficiraju pĉelinje zajednice. Iz ekstrahovanih uzoraka templata razliĉitih uzoraka homogenizata sluĉajno uzorkovanih pĉela, RNK, sa jednim parom prajmera za svaki virus, pojedinaĉno, redoslijedom: BQCV, DWV, SBV, ABPV, KBV, CBPV uraĊeni su amplifikacijski protokoli i dobijeni rezultati za klasiĉan, end point, RT-PCR. Ovom doktorskom disertacijom dobijeni su prvi rezultati koji se odnose na utvrĊivanje prisustva i raširenosti virusnih infekcija kod vrste Apis mellifera u pĉelinjacima Bosne i Hercegovine. Od oko dvadeset virusa koji inficiraju pĉele i pĉelinje zajednice, metodama primjenjive molekularne dijagnostike u ovoj doktorskoj tezi dokazivali smo prisustvo virusnih infekcija za šest najviše prouĉavanih virusa pĉela. Dobijeni rezultati dokazali su prisustvo pet od šest traţenih virusa sa razliĉitim kombinacijama koinfekcija te raznolikom prostornom distribucijom virusa. Poznavanje sloţenih mehanizama virusnih infekcija pĉelinjih zajednica neophodnost je koja sa novim saznanjima proglašava neke od virusa emergentnim patogenima, koji bitno narušavaju opstanak pĉelinje zajednice. U patološko-sinergistiĉkom odnosu sa nametnikom pĉelinje zajednice Varroa destructor neki pĉelinji virusi uzroci su globalno registrovanih gubitaka. Dio istraţivanja u radu odnosio se na terensko prouĉavanje dinamike prisustva grinje Varroa destructor u pĉelinjim zajednicama. Za pravilno donošenje suda o uzroku ugibanja pĉelinjih zajednica, pored postojećih zahtjeva kontrole patogena pĉela definisanih procedurama dijagnostiĉkog manuala i Koda OIE-a, bilo bi potrebno imati i rezultate kojim bi se dokazalo kvalitativno i kvantitativno prisustvo virusa kod vrste Apis mellifera. UvoĊenje i standardizacija molekularno-bioloških metoda u rutinskoj dijagnostici virusnih bolesti pĉela je opravdano. Samo je pitanje vremena kada će virusne infekcije pĉela biti predmet rutinske dijagnostike kojim se kontrolišezdravstveni status pĉelinje zajednice.Evidence of viral infection of bees is of great interest for the proper assessment of the relationship between host and pathogen potential. By making this doctoral thesis on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, where before was no present study of evidence of viral infections, lead to ability on clinical evaluation of pathological relations for eco-genotype adapted colonies. Evolutionarily adapted viruses honeybee Apis mellifera, from the veterinary entomology, veterinary virology and infectious diseases, and knowledge of the veterinary services in general, have not been recognized enough. The appearance and availability of molecular diagnostic methods have allowed sensitive and specific detection part of the genome of the virus that infects the colonies. Templates were extracted from samples of different patterns, homogenisate, randomly sampled bees, RNA, with a pair of primers for each virus, respectively, in the order: BQCV, DWV, SBV, ABPV, KBV, CBPV amplification protocols were done and the results obtained by conventional, end point, RT -PCR. This doctoral dissertation obtained the first results concerning the determination of the presence and spread of viral infections in the species Apis mellifera in Bosnia and Herzegovina. From about twenty viruses that can infect bees and hives using diagnostic methods applicable in this doctoral thesis we demonstrate the presence of viral infections of six most studied viruses of bees. The obtained results showed the presence five of the six essential viruses in forms of co-infection with different combinations and varied virus spatial distribution. Awareness of the complex mechanisms of viral infections in colonies is that the new knowledge proclaimed a virus as "emergent pathogen" that significantly impairs the survival of honeybee colonies. The pathogenic synergistic relationship with the parasite Varroa destructor causes that bee viruses are globally listed as reasons for losses. Part of the research work was related to the field study of the dynamics of the presence of Varroa destructor mites in honey bee colonies. For a accurate judgment of the deaths of bee colonies, in addition to existing requirements bee pathogen control procedures defined by diagnostic Manuals and Code of the OIE, it would be necessary to have the results to prove the qualitative and quantitative presence of the virus in the species Apis mellifera. The introduction and standardization of molecular biological methods in routine diagnosis of viral diseases of bees is justified. It is only a matter of time before the virus infections of bees will be subject to routine diagnostics which controls the health of bee colonie
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Development and application of different laboratory methods for the diagnosis of hepatitis E virus infection in pigs and humans
No full textHepatitis E virus (HEV) je uzročnik akutne hepatis E infekcije kod ljudi. HEV se prenosi putem zagaĎene vode i odgovoran je za nastanak mnogobrojnih epidemija velikih razmera u zemljama u razvoju Azije i Afrike. Hepatitis E je prvi put kod svinja izolovan 1997. godine, a kasnije je dokazan i kod ostalih ţivotinjskih vrsta, kao što su: divlje svinje, jelen, zečevi, pacovi, ptice i ostalo. Prva istraţivanja prisustva HEV infekcije kod domaćih i divljih svinja u Srbiji sprovedena su 2008. godine. HEV RNK je dokazana u 30% uzoraka fecesa i 45% uzoraka organa (Petrovic et al., 2008). Analizom uzoraka krvnih seruma svinja u individualnim gazdinstvima ustanovljena je seroprevalencija od 34,6% (Lupulovic et al, 2010). Cilj ovog istraţivanja je ispitivanje raširenosti HEV infekcije kod svinja na farmama na teritoriji Vojvodine, kao i ispitivanje HEV seroprevalencije kod ljudi u Vojvodini. Od metoda za istraţivanje korišćene su: nekomercijalni ELISA test (in-house ELISA), komercijalni ELISA test, Western-blot metod, real-time RT -PCR i imunohistohemijska metoda za detekciju HEV antigena. Materijal za ispitivanje su bili uzorci krvi svinja (300) sa 3 farme na teritoriji Juţne Bačke i Srema i uzorci krvi ljudi (294), kao i uzorci fecesa, ţuči, jetre i mesa sakupljeni u klanicama od 95 tovljenika i 50 prasadi. Prisustvo specifičnih antitela IgG klase protiv hepatitis E virusa dokazano je kod svinja na sve tri ispitujuće farme. Primenom in house ELISA testa ustanovljena je seroprevalencija od 37% na farmi A, 31% na farmi B i 54% na farmi C, dok je primenom komercijalnog ELISA testa utvrĎeno 40% seropozitivnih svinja na farmi A, 41% na fami B i 65% na farmi C. Uporednom analizom rezultata dobijenih sa oba ELISA testa, ustanovljena je prosečna seroprevalencija od 40,66% in house ELISA testom, odnosno 48,66% komercijalnim ELISA testom. Sprovedena su i istraţivanja prisustva specifičnih antitela IgG klase protiv HEV u krvnim serumima dobrovoljnih davalaca krvi i kod pacijenata. Primenom in house ELISA testa utvrĎena je seroprevalencija od 15% kod dobrovoljnih davalaca krvi, dok su uzorci krvi pacijenata bili seronegativni. Testiranjem komercijalnim ELISA testom kod dobrovoljnih davalaca krvi pozitivan serološki nalaz je ustanovljen kod 17,86% dobrovoljnih davalaca krvi (pregledani su serumi koji su u in house testu dali pozitivan ili sumnjiv nalaz, kao i odreĎen broj seronegativnih uzoraka), a kod pacijenata 2,12%. Kao tzv. „zlatni standard“ za definisanje rezultata sa sumnjivim serološkim nalazom čije su ekstinkcije bile blizu cut off vrednosti u in house ELISA testu, korišćen je Western blot metod. Pozitivan rezultat je potvrĎen kod 6 od ukupno pregledanih 11 uzoraka krvi svinja, odnosno od ukupno pregledanih 11 uzoraka seruma ljudi, pozitivan nalaz je ustanovljen kod 7 uzoraka. Uzorci sa klanica pregledani su real-time RT- PCR metodom, a HEV RNK je dokazana u u fecesu (54%), ţuči (26%), jetri (16%) i mesu (10%) prasadi. Kod tovljenika prisustvo HEV RNK je potvrĎeno samo u fecesu (7,27%), dok su svi uzorci tkiva bili negativni. Patahistološkim pregledom dokazane su mikroskopske lezije II stepena kod 3 uzorka (11,53%) jetri prasadi od ukupno pregledanih 26 uzoraka sa pozitivnim RT-PCR. Imunohistohemijskim pregledom uzoraka jetre prasadi nije dokazano prisustvo antigena hepatitis E virusa. Definisani su protokoli laboratorijskog ispitivanja hepatitis E infekcije kod svinja i ljudi, kao i u uzorcima mesa i jetri svinja u klanicamaHepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of acute hepatitis E infection in humans. HEV is transmitted through contaminated water and is responsible for the outbreaks of many large-scale epidemics in the developing countries of Asia and Africa. Swine HEV was first isolated in 1997, and was later detected in other animal species, such are: wild boar, deer, rabbits, rats, birds and more. The first investigations of HEV infection in domestic and wild pigs in Serbia were carried out in 2008. HEV RNA was detected in 30% of faecal samples and 45% of the tissue samples (Petrovic et al., 2008). Analysing the blood samples of beckyard pigs, the seroprevalence of 34,6% was determined (Lupulovic et al, 2010). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HEV infection in pigs on farms in Vojvodina, as well as testing the HEV seroprevalence in humans. The methods used for this study were: non-commercial ELISA (in house ELISA), the commercial ELISA, Western blot method, real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemical method for the detection of HEV antigen. Material for the study were: blood samples of pigs (300) from 3 farms on the territory of South Backa and Srem and blood samples of people (294), as well as faeces, bile, liver and meat collected in slaughterhouses from 95 fatteners and 50 piglets. The presence of specific IgG antibodies against the hepatitis E virus in pigs has been detected on all three examinated farms. Upon the application of in house ELISA, the seroprevalence of 37% was establised on farm A, 31% in farm B and 54% on farm C, while using a commercial ELISA , 40% of seropositive pigs were detected on farm A, 41% of fami B and 65% Farm C. The comparative analysis of the results obtained with both ELISA, determined the average seroprevalence of 40,66% by in house ELISA and 48,66% by commercial ELISA. The research of the presence of specific IgG antibodies against HEV in the serum of blood donors and patients were also conducted. Upon the application of in house ELISA, the seroprevalence of 15% were recorded in blood donors, while blood samples of patients were seronegative. Testing by commercial ELISA, positiv serological findings were diagnosed in 17,86% of blood donors (serums with positive or suspicious results in in house ELISA and a number of seronegative samples were tested), and in patients 2, 12%. As so-called "gold standard" for defining the serological results with suspiciousserological findings, which extinctions were close to cut off values in in house ELISA, we used the Wester
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