1,720,960 research outputs found
Prevalence of child abuse/maltreatment and its associated factors among children aged 11 to 17 years in community settings of Karachi, Pakistan,
No full textHarsh disciplinary practices are considered common in developing countries. However, scientific evidence lacks to support this. The primary aim of this study was to determine the total prevalence and subtypes of different forms (physical, emotional maltreatment and neglect) of child abuse and maltreatment in Karachi, Pakistan and to determine the associated factors following Belsky model at individual, relationship and community level. Method: A cross sectional survey of 800 dyads (children ranging from 11-17 years old and their parent) were selected from 32 clusters of Karachi, using multistage cluster sampling between December 2014 to March 2015. A structured questionnaire adopted from International society of child abuse and neglect (International child abuse screening tool for Parent: mother & father and Child). Prevalence of child maltreatment was estimated by mean child abuse score. Multiple linear regression technique (MLR) was used for analysis. Means with standard deviation were reported for continuous variables and for categorical variables, frequencies with percentages were calculated. B coefficients with 95% confidence interval were stated for significant associations. Results: Out of 800 participants dyads (800 parent and 800 children), 25 dyads were recruited from each study site. Mean score were 51.7+11.9 (child), 77.9+20.2 (mother) and 63.6+17.3 (father). Both parent and child responses revealed similar prevalence (43%) of child maltreatment. The mother\u27s responses showed a prevalence of physical (42%), emotional (50%) maltreatment and neglect (5.4%) whereas, father\u27s responses showed a prevalence of physical (39%), emotional (46%) maltreatment and neglect (9.7%). The child\u27s experiences showed a prevalence of physical (49%), emotional (50%) maltreatment and neglect (57%). A substantial proportion of participants were exposed to atleast one form of maltreatment on mother (58%), father (54%) and child (74%) responses, of which all three maltreatment forms experienced by children were 4%, 9% and 31% on mother, father and child responses respectively. With every one year increase in age of child, the mean estimated ICAST-Child score decreases by 0.638 (95% CI: - 1.002, -0.273). Children who are always bullied and mistreated by their siblings are at increased risk of getting maltreatment by parents (adjusted beta: 10.770 (95% CI: 8.801, 11.598)). Among children\u27 home environment where there is always verbal abuse and quarrel within family members, the mean estimated ICAST-Child score increases by 9.736 (95% CI: 7.133, 12.338). Moreover, among children who have no formal education, the estimated mean ICAST-Child score is 5.432 higher (95% CI: 2.540, 8.324). The mean estimated ICAST-Child score increases by 5.081 among male child as compared female child (95% CI: 3.786, 6.375). Among children whom parents have psychiatric illness, the estimated mean ICAST-Child score is 1.236 higher (95% CI: 0.063, 3.077). The mean estimated ICAST-Child score increases by 2.951 among children who belong to low socioeconomic wealth index (95% CI: 1.102, 4.880). Among middle ordered child, the estimated mean ICAST-Child score is 1.884 higher than first ordered or only child of family (95% CI: 0.336, 3.431). There is an interaction between parental exposures to childhood abuse and physical fighting with hard object among family members. Among children whom family always fight with each other and parents have exposure to childhood maltreatment, the mean estimated ICAST-Child score increases by 13.746 (95% CI: 7.193, 20.298). There is an interaction between age of mother and parental education. The estimated mean of ICAST-Child score increases 2.169 times for every 10 years increase in age of mother among children whom both formal have no formal school education as compared to children whom both parents have formal education. Conclusion: This study reflects hidden extent of child maltreatment and poly-victimization in Karachi. Our findings provide evidence to raise public awareness about malpractices and highlight the need to develop positive parenting program
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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