1,721,029 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Insulintherapie bei Typ-2-Diabetes: ein Review vom «Wann» übers «Wie» bis zum «Warum»
No full textDer progressive Charakter des Typ- 2-Diabetes mellitus führt in vielen Fällen nach Ausschöpfen der oralen antidiabetischen Therapie zum Einsatz von Insulin. Insulin kann aber durch- aus auch in der Frühphase direkt nach Diabetesdiagnose oder intermittierend bei Verschlechterung der glykämischen Kontrolle im Rahmen von Infekten oder Medikamenteneinnahmen (wie z.B. Kortison) hilfreich und indiziert sein. Auf jeden Fall stellt die Insulintherapie keine Einbahnstrasse dar und kann gerade in diesen Fällen durchaus auch wieder sistiert werden.
Der Beginn einer Insulintherapie soll eher vorsichtig mit einer bedarfsmässigen Anpassung im Verlauf erfolgen. Diese Anpassung kann nach entsprechender Schulung durchaus auch durch den Patienten selbst erfolgen
The Role of Physical Exercise in Obesity and Diabetes.
No full textSUMMARY
The prevalence of obesity is increasing world-wide. Obesity is associated with a plethora of metabolic and clinical constraints, which result in a higher risk for the development of cardiovascular complications and metabolic disease, particularly insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Obesity is an acknowledged determinant of glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes and accounts for the majority of premature death due to cardiovascular events. Physical exercise is generally recommended in patients with diabetes in order to prevent the development of or reduce existing obesity, as adopted by every international treatment guideline so far. Regular physical exercise has a beneficial impact on body composition, cardiovascular integrity, insulin sensitivity and quality of life. However, only a minority of patients participates in regular physical exercise, due to individual or disease-related barriers. In type 2 diabetes, there is robust evidence for beneficial effects of physical exercise on glycemic control, cardiovascular health and the development of diabetes-related long-term complications. In type 1 diabetes and patients treated with insulin, a higher risk for exercise-related hypoglycemia has to be considered, which requires certain prerequisites and adequate adaptions of insulin dosing. Current treatment guidelines do only incompletely address the development of exercise-related hypoglycemia. However, every patient with diabetes should participate in regular physical exercise in order to support and enable sufficient treatment and optimal glycemic control
Tipps und Tricks zur Behandlung des pankreatopriven Diabetes mellitus
No full textZusammenfassung. Verschiedenste Erkrankungen des exokrinen Pankreas können auch Störungen des endokrinen Pankreasanteils verursachen. Der resultierende Diabetes mellitus wird als pankreatopriver (Typ-3c-Diabetes) bezeichnet. Mangel an funktionierendem Pankreasgewebe heisst nicht nur Insulinmangel sondern insbesondere auch Mangel an Glukagon, womit die Zuckereinstellung erschwert wird und die Gefahr schwerer Hypoglykämien unter Insulintherapie steigt. Obwohl es sich beim Typ 3c Diabetes um eine relativ seltenere Diabetesform handelt, ist er in der Häufigkeit dennoch nicht zu unterschätzen. Bedingt durch seine metabolische Komplexizität mit hoher Glukosevariabilität stellt er eine schwierig einzustellende Diabetesform dar. Eine frühzeitige und gute Therapie ist bei den oftmals schwer kranken Patienten mit pankreatoprivem Diabetes dafür umso wichtiger, um ein gutes kurz-, mittel- und langfristiges Outcome zu erreichen.
Treatment of Pancreatic Diabetes
Abstract. A broad variety of pathologies of the exocrine pancreas, such as pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer or pancreas resection, may be associated with impaired beta cell function and, subsequently, the development of so-called pancreatic (type 3c) diabetes. While representing a comparably rare cause of diabetes (when opposed to type 2 diabetes), the prevalence of this often overlooked subtype may still be substantially higher than previously estimated. The combined loss of insulin and glucagon secreting cells as well as the frequently associated changes in nutrient absorption typically result in a high metabolic instability and glucose variability, translating into an increased risk for hypoglycemia as well as difficulties in achieving good glycemic control. Depending on the underlying condition, which may be associated with limited life expectancy, low HbA1c values may not represent the sole therapeutic target, and other goals (i. e. weight maintenance, quality of life, etc) may be of high priority in some patients. . Although non-insulin glucose-lowering agents may be considered in some situations of pancreatic diabetes, insulin represents a therapeutic cornerstone since it not only targets the loss of beta-cells in pancreatic disease, but also induces a potent anabolic state (which may be of particular importance for patients with malignant or chronic pancreatic disease). Increased awareness, early diagnosis, and adequate treatment of pancreatic diabetes are of uttermost importance for improving short- as well as long-term outcomes in these patients
Exercise-associated glucose metabolism in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Full text linkPURPOSE OF REVIEW
The primary focus of this review is threefold: first, to summarize available knowledge on exercise-associated glucose metabolism in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM); second, to elucidate physiological mechanisms predisposing to glycemic variations in patients in T1DM; and third, to describe novel approaches derived from physiological perceptions applicable to stabilize exercise-related glycemia in individuals with T1DM.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent studies corroborate the concept that despite partial differences in counter-regulatory mechanisms individuals with T1DM do not fundamentally differ in their glucose response to exercise when compared with healthy individuals if studies are performed under standardized conditions with insulin and glucose levels held close to physiological ranges. Novel approaches derived from a better understanding of exercise-associated glucose metabolism (e.g., the concept of intermittent high-intensity exercise) may provide alternative ways to master the challenges imposed by exercise to individuals with T1DM.
SUMMARY
Exercise still imposes high demands on patients with T1DM and increases risks for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Deeper insight into the associated metabolic pathways has revealed novel options to stabilize exercise-associated glucose levels in these patients
Letter of reply to 'Breaking a feedback loop: A reassessment of an investigator-initiated OS-AID study' by Braune et al.
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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