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Effect of lactic fermented soymilk on the inhibition of Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation and cytotoxicity of 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide against intestine 407 cells
No full text本研究利用Streptococcus thermophilus BCRC 14085和Bifidobacterium infantis BCRC 14633對豆奶進行共同發酵。接著以不同溶劑 (水、80%甲醇、50%丙酮) 對豆奶及發酵豆奶進行萃取，檢測發酵豆奶萃取物抑制結腸癌細胞株HT-29和Caco-2增生及其抗4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO) 誘導腸道細胞株Int-407細胞與基因毒性之效果，並檢測萃取物中總酚、總類黃酮、皂素及植酸含量。
結果顯示，無論是豆奶或發酵豆奶萃取物均具有抑制癌細胞增生之效果，其中發酵豆奶萃取物抑制癌細胞增生之效果顯著高於(P <0.05)未發酵者。而在不同溶劑萃取物中，又以發酵豆奶甲醇萃取物之抑制效果最佳。
豆奶及發酵豆奶甲醇萃取物對於抑制4-NQO誘導Int-407之細胞毒性和基因毒性結果呈現劑量效應，其中發酵豆奶所呈現的抑制效果顯著高於(P <0.05)未發酵者。發酵時間會影響抗細胞毒性之效果，由結果中發現發酵豆奶甲醇萃取物以發酵32小時之抗細胞毒性效果最佳。進一步探討發酵豆奶甲醇萃取物抗細胞毒性之機制，發現其效果主要來自去致毒性作用(descytotocic effect)，使4-NQO不活化進而減少4-NQO之細胞毒性。
此外，豆奶於發酵後其總酚含量增加，而皂素及植酸含量降低。然而發酵並未使類黃酮含量有顯著之改變。In this study, soymilk was fermented by co-cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus BCRC 14085 and Bifidobacterium infantis BCRC 14633. Various solvent (water, 80% methanol, 50% acetone) extracts of soymilk and fermented soymilk were prepared. Effect of the prepared extracts against the proliferation of human colon cancer cells, Caco-2 and HT-29, as well as on the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO) toward Int-407 were then investigated. Besides, the effect of fermentation on the contents of total phenolic, flavonoid, saponin and phytate in soymilk was examined.
Results showed that the extracts of the fermented soymilk and unfermented soymilk all reduced the proliferation of cancer cells. Extract of the fermented soymilk exhibited a significantly higher (P <0.05) antitumor cell proliferation effect than did the respective unfermented soymilk extract. Among the various extracts examined, methanol extract of fermented soymilk showed the highest antitumor cell proliferation effect.
Methanol extracts of both soymilk and fermented soymilk were found to show dose-dependent suppression effect on the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of 4-NQO against Int-407. While these effects were significantly higher (P <0.05) with fermented soymilk extract than the non-fermented soymilk extract. Fermentation length affected the anticytotoxicity of the fermented soymilk extract with extract of the 32-h fermented soymilk showed the highest anticytotoxicity. Study on the possible anticytotoxic mechanism of methanol fermented soymilk extract revealed that it was essentially the descytotocic effect, interaction with 4-NQO, which contributed to the reduced cytotoxicity of 4-NQO.
Additionally, content of total phenolics increased, while the content of saponin and phytate reduced in soymilk after fermentation. On the other hand, fermentation did not cause a significantly change in the content of flavonoid
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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