1,721,021 research outputs found
A small change revolution. Weight systems and the emergence of the first Pan-European money
Full text linkIn the Bronze Age (c. 2300–800 BC), European communities gave up their economic independence and became entangled in a continental trade network. In this paper, we will test the hypothesis that the adoption of a ‘Pan-European’ currency has favoured the development of such a network. We define a methodology to test the money-hypothesis in pre-literate economies, based on analogies with the material characters of metallic money in the Ancient Near East. The statistical properties of metals from European hoards are compared with those of balance weights, in order to test the following expectation: if they were used as money, complete objects and fragments are expected to comply with standard weight systems. The results meet the expectation, and indicate that bronze fragments possess the same statistical properties as hack-silver money in the Ancient Near East. The sample includes approximately 3000 metal objects, collected from two test-areas: Italy and Central Europe. The sample of balance weights includes all the items known to date for pre-literate Bronze Age Europe, collected within the framework of the ERC Project ‘Weight and Value.
The role of lipotransfer in postmastectomy breast reconstruction
No full textPostmastectomy breast reconstruction could be a great challenge for the plastic surgeon. Besides oncological safety, the goal of breast reconstructive surgery is to restore breast anatomy and volume. This is certainly helpful for the patient to achieve good life quality after oncological surgery. The use of autologous fat transplantation to correct volume and contour defects, scars, and asymmetry after breast cancer surgery has increased over the past 20 years. The efficacy of the fat graft transplantation depends on the experience and the technique used by the surgeon. The supplementation of lipoaspirate with adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) has certainly improved graft survival. ASCs play a pivotal role in breast reconstruction through their regenerative properties. However, their use raised some concerns regarding oncological safety as they might favour cancer recurrence. In this review, we described the most recent techniques of fat harvesting and processing for the use in breast reconstruction surgery. We also highlighted the role of ASCs and their use in cell-Assisted lipotransfer
Reconstructive options in scalp surgery
No full textScalp is the anatomical area that provides coverage of the skull between the forehead and the neck. Scalp defects can be the result of a skin tumor resection or a trauma. repairing of such defects could be challenging due to the lack of skin laxity and the relative inelasticity of the scalp. The aim of this review was to aid the reconstructive surgeon in choosing the proper surgical option when approaching a scalp defect. The choice should be guided by the reconstructive ladder of Plastic Surgery: when possible, the surgeon always starts with the simplest and safest surgical procedure. In case of complicated defects, more invasive options can be adopted, such as local or microsurgical free flaps. This review provides a general overview of available options for scalp reconstruction and guidance in the preoperative plan. Surgeons must also be familiar with the anatomy of this region. relevant anatomy of the scalp will be highlighted to integrate technical details of surgical procedures with their anatomical aspects. Detailed description of surgical techniques for the experienced plastic/reconstructive surgeon goes beyond the scope of this review
Life cycle, phenology and economic importance of the walnut husk fly Rhagoletis completa Cresson (Diptera : Tephritidae) in northern Italy
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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