186,578 research outputs found
Sub-arcsec resolution infrared images of the star forming region G 35.20-1.74
No full textWe present J(1.25μm), H(1.65μm), K(2.2μm), H_2_(2.125μm) and 11.2μm infrared images at sub-arcsec resolution of an area centered around the star forming region G 35.20-1.74. In J, H and K a cluster of early type stellar sources with infrared excess clearly stands out with respect to the background distribution and is associated with a diffuse K emission around an UC HII region (which is the brightest source at K). No H_2_ emission is detected in narrow-band images at 2.125μm. At 11.2μm six components are detected. The brightest one (MIR3) is extended and coincides with the UC HII region. The source with steepest IR spectrum and the largest infrared excess (MIR1) is associated with an H_2_O maser and a near IR source detected only at K. It is separated from the IR cluster and at a distance of 20'' from the UC HII region. The IR emission comes from a local young stellar object (YSO) associated with the maser. The lack of radio continuum emission from MIR1 confirms that H_2_O masers can trace the youngest evolutionary stages of massive YSOs, much before the appearance of a radio UC HII region and shows that star formation is not limited to the IR cluster (where most probably it has already come to an end) but is still taking place in other parts of the molecular cloud. Of the other 11.2μm sources, three (MIR2, MIR4 and MIR5) present IR excesses and are similar to MIR1, while MIR6 appears to be a reddened early-type star. The morphology of the entire star forming complex, taking into account also molecular and sub-mm observations, is indicative of different and independent episodes of star formation taking place in the same molecular cloud
Mid-infrared colors as a diagnostic tool of circumstellar envelopes in AGB stars
No full textNew observations of AGB circumstellar envelopes made with the mid-IR imaging camera CAMIRAS are presented. Diagnostic tools based on mid-IR colors are proposed for the analysis of the observed objects, and tested against a larger sample of AGB sources derived from IRAS observations. Radiative transfer modelling is used to calibrate our diagnostic procedures, in order to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of both samples. The different chemical signatures of C-rich and O-rich envelopes are put in evidence by mid-IR color-color diagrams, and correlations are found between the observed colors and a mass loss parameter derived by radio observations. Evidences for possible temporal variations in the mass loss rates are also suggested. The possibility to derive direct information on the spatial structure and symmetry of the envelopes is finally investigated, and the image of the O-rich star WX Psc, as an example of a spatially resolved axisymmetric envelope, is presented. Based on observations made at the Italian Infrared Telescope of Gornergrat (TIRGO
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Extinction and Mass Loss in AGB Stars from Optical Emission Lines and Mid-IR Imaging
No full textNot Availabl
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Phase-curve Pollution of Exoplanet Transmission Spectra
No full textThe occurrence of a planet transiting in front of its host star offers the opportunity to observe the planet's atmosphere filtering starlight. The fraction of occulted stellar flux is roughly proportional to the optically thick area of the planet, the extent of which depends on the opacity of the planet's gaseous envelope at the observed wavelengths. Chemical species, haze, and clouds are now routinely detected in exoplanet atmospheres through rather small features in transmission spectra, i.e., collections of planet-to-star area ratios across multiple spectral bins and/or photometric bands. Technological advances have led to a shrinking of the error bars down to a few tens of parts per million (ppm) per spectral point for the brightest targets. The upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is anticipated to deliver transmission spectra with precision down to 10 ppm. The increasing precision of measurements requires a reassessment of the approximations hitherto adopted in astrophysical models, including transit light-curve models. Recently, it has been shown that neglecting the planet's thermal emission can introduce significant biases in the transit depth measured with the JWST/Mid-InfraRed Instrument, integrated between 5 and 12 μm. In this paper, we take a step forward by analyzing the effects of the approximation on transmission spectra over the 0.6-12 μm wavelength range covered by various JWST instruments. We present open-source software to predict the spectral bias, showing that, if not corrected, it may affect the inferred molecular abundances and thermal structure of some exoplanet atmospheres
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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