1,720,959 research outputs found
How network enabled capability changes the emergent properties of military command and control
No full textEAST (Event Analysis for Systemic Teamwork) is an integrated methods approach that can be used to describe systems level ‘emergent properties’ that arise from complex socio-technical systems. This paper reports on the application of the method to a military command and control scenario. The focus is on the technical and structural determinates of the emergent property of Systemic Situation Awareness (SSA) in cases where Networked Enabled Capability (NEC) is largely absent (e.g. the military domain) compared to examples in which it is present (e.g. the civilian domain)
Experimental studies in a reconfigurable C4 test-bed for network enabled capability
No full textThis paper reports on the development of a command and control environment that enables experimental studies to be conducted into Network Enabled Capability (NEC). The command and control environment comprises a reconfigurable Command Wall, and wireless local area network and reconfigurable wearable computers. The two studies reported in this paper explore communication media (study one) and data source/decay (study two). Study one showed the advantages and disadvantages of the electronic medium for passing data between the field and command room. Study two explored data push versus data pull and the effects of data decay on some aspects of command performance. As an experimental environment the reconfigurable C4 test-bed is now beginning to show some utility. Further studies are being planned and scenarios are being develope
Same or different? Generalising from novices to experts in military command and control studies
No full textA significant amount of empirical work in the field of military command and control uses participants drawn from non-military backgrounds. This study aims to provide a simple check on the assumption that the results gained from novice populations are transferable to real-life contexts. Two groups of 10 participants undertook an experimental command and control task. The first group was selected from a cohort of undergraduates with no task related experience and no domain knowledge (i.e. complete novices). The second group were military personnel who all possessed domain knowledge (i.e. experts) with some also possessing high levels of task related experience (i.e. ‘super experts’). Comparisons between these three levels of expertise shows that military personnel are considerably more accurate than undergraduates, however, whilst there are ‘absolute’ differences in situational awareness and workload, there are still similarities in the ‘pattern’ of results gained regardless of expertise.<br/
Measuring situation awareness in complex systems: Comparison of measures study
No full textSituation Awareness (SA) is a distinct critical commodity for teams working in complex industrial systems and its measurement is a key provision in system, procedural and training design efforts. This article describes a study that was undertaken in order to compare three different SA measures (a freeze probe recall approach, a post trial subjective rating approach and a critical incident interview technique) when used to assess participant SA during a military planning task. The results indicate that only the freeze probe recall method produced a statistically significant correlation with performance on the planning task and also that there was no significant correlation between the three methods, which suggests that they were effectively measuring different things during the trials. In conclusion, the findings, whilst raising doubts over the validity of post trial subjective rating and interview-based approaches, offer validation evidence for the use of freeze probe recall approaches to measure SA. The findings are subsequently discussed with regard to their implications for the future measurement of SA in complex collaborative systems
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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