1,720,982 research outputs found
Determining Factors of Czech Foreign Trade: A Cross-Section Time Series Perspective
Get PDFBy quantifying the determining factors of Czech trade during 1993-2002, this paper enriches the empirical trade literature with evidence from an economy that has undergone intensive structural changes. Our findings lend significance to standard macroeconomic variables such as aggregate demand and the real exchange rate. Apart from these, however, liberalisation of tariffs, the evolution of unit prices of exports and imports, and economies of scale also played a significant role. An out-of-sample forecast for the trade balance was carried out for 2003-2004.Dynamic estimation, export and import dynamics, trade determinants.
Determining Factors of the Czech Foreign Trade Balance: Structural Issues in Trade Creation
Get PDFUsing panel data for 29 industries, we test alternative specifications of Czech export and import functions. The balance of trade is primarily influenced by the real exchange rate, aggregate demand and tariff changes. Reduced growth of the Czech economy after 1996 was an important factor that has kept the balance of trade at a sustainable level in the medium-term, contributing even to the appreciation of the real exchange rate. The secondary fundamental factors, relevant for structural adjustments, a sustainable trade balance and an equilibrium exchange rate, rest, however, on supply-side characteristics such as changes in endowments of physical and human capital, inflows of FDI and growing competitiveness of domestic production. We can argue that appreciation of the real exchange rate is a handicap to Czech exports, especially to exports to non-EU countries. Nevertheless, in the EU case, the appreciation of koruna was countervailed by tariff concessions, improved quality, switchover to commodities with higher contents of value added, gains associated with FDI and growing foreign demand absorption. At the same time, appreciation of the real exchange rate has significantly opened the Czech market to imports but the unconstrained import penetration remained blocked by the growing competitiveness of Czech products in costs, prices and quality.export and import specialisation; international trade; panel data estimation; production factor intensities; sectoral trade balance.
Goodwin's Predator-Prey Model with Endogenous Technological Progress
Get PDFContemporary economics contains mainly two approaches for an explanation of fluctuations of economic activity indicators. The first approach expresses fluctuations as consequences of random external shocks. The second approach expresses fluctuations as a deterministic dynamical process producing more complex behaviour of the economic system. In our article both approaches are applied. A purpose of our paper is to re-formulate traditional Goodwin predator-prey model by including a specific differential equation describing technological progress in deterministic and/or stochastic way. A base of this system contains such variables in interest as a rate of employment, a share of labour, and different forms of a rate of the technological progress.non-linear three-equation dynamic model; predator-prey market; limit cycle
Optimal Deterministic Debt Contracts
Get PDFThis paper extends the costly enforcement model of optimal financing to the case of investment projects financed by several lenders. We consider the asymmetric situation when only one lender is a big strategic investor. All other lender are small passive investors. We first provide the sufficient and necessary condition for renegotiation proofness. Then we show that the optima verification is deterministic. We also discuss the conditions under which the optimal contract is a debt contract.Costly State Verification; Multiple Lenders; Debt
Pojištení vkladu: soucasný stav, srovnání a perspektiva v kontextu EU / Credit Insurance: EU context [available in Czech only]
Get PDFCzech laws on Deposit Guarantee-Schemes are characterized. It is described history of rise of the Czech Deposit Insurance Fund and dynamics of its basic characteristics. Czech deposit guarantee system is compared with the European system and with the European Directive on Deposit Guarantee-Schemes. It is calculated the effective rate of “taxation” by the compulsory payment to Czech Deposit Insurance Fund, which is (because of the very low interest rates in the Czech Republic) extremely high (about 30 – 40 %). Recommendations: 1) legislatively prevent politics from controlling the (private) financial funds in the system, 2) discard the audited firms from the Deposit Guarantee-Scheme and 3) decrease the amounts compulsorily paid by banks for deposits of small clients (deposits of households).Deposit Insurance; the Czech Deposit Insurance Fund; the European Directive on Deposit Guarantee-Schemes
Wavelet Applications to Heterogeneous Agents Model
Get PDFA heterogeneous agent model with the WOA was considered for obtaining more realistic market conditions. The WOA replaces periodically the trading strategies that have the lowest performance level of all strategies presented on the market by the new ones. New strategies that enter on the market have the same stochastic structure as an initial set of strategies. This paper shows, by wavelets applications, strata influences of the trading strategies with the WOA.agents’ trading strategies; heterogeneous agent model with stochastic memory; worst out algorithm; wavelet
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Strategic Referring in Labor Market Social Networks
Get PDFWe present a model of job search in which information about job opportunities is available either through direct search at the labor market or through network of socially tied individuals. We consider two cases - altruistic and self-interested agents that maximize their utility function. We show that optimal strategies range between full and no referring cases. Altruistic individuals tend to refer more than selfinterested agents. Strategic referring allows agents alleviate employment variation and leads to higher average utility levels and lower unemployment rates.agent-based modeling; networks; strategy; job referring
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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