1,720,989 research outputs found
Bread making aptitude of mixtures of re-milled semolina and selected durum wheat milling by-products
Full text linkWe evaluated the bread making ability of meals composed of re-milled semolina and either 100 g/kg or 200 g/kg of i) residuals of the second and third debranning steps of durum wheat (DB), ii) the micronized and air-classified thin fraction obtained from the same residuals (MB), or iii) coarse bran obtained from conventional roller milling of non-debranned durum wheat (B). Dietary fibers, proteins, total soluble phenolic compounds, ferulic acid, and antioxidant activity were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in MB and DB than B. The addition of by-products to re-milled semolina lowered the alveograph W and increased the P/L ratio, with stronger effects at higher doses. Particularly negative were the effects of B on P/L and farinograph dough-development time. Bread containing 100 g/kg of MB did not show significant differences (P < 0.05) in specific volume, crumb hardness, resilience, and chewiness with pure re-milled semolina bread but had higher dietary fiber, phenolics and antioxidant activity
Multivariate analysis of metal concentration in parental lines of wheat mapping populations
No full textPhenolic extracts from whole wheat biofortified bread dampen overwhelming inflammatory response in human endothelial cells and monocytes: major role of VCAM-1 and CXCL-10
No full textPurpose The aim of the study was to evaluate the vascular health properties of extracts from biofortified bread, obtained by adding different durum wheat milling by-products rich in phenolic compounds, by analyzing their effects on overwhelming inflammatory response in endothelial cells and monocytes, two main players of atherogenesis. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells or U937 monocytes were incubated with increasing concentrations (1, 5, 10 mu g/mL) of biofortified bread polyphenol extracts or corresponding pure phenolic acids before stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We analyzed the endothelial-monocyte adhesion and related endothelial adhesion molecules. The expression of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines was also measured in LPS-stimulated endothelial cells and monocytes as well as intracellular oxidative stress. Results Biofortified bread extracts inhibited monocyte adhesion to LPS-stimulated endothelial cells, in a concentration-dependent manner by reducing mainly endothelial VCAM-1 expression. Phenolic acid extracts contained in 10 mg biofortified bread downregulated the LPS-induced expression of chemokines MCP-1, M-CSF, and CXCL-10 as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, in endothelial cells and monocytes, with CXCL-10 as the most reduced inflammatory mediator. Among phenolic acids of biofortified bread, ferulic, sinapic, and p-coumaric acids significantly inhibited the LPS-stimulated CXCL-10 expression in vascular cells. The reduced pro-inflammatory response was related to a slightly but significant reduction of intracellular oxidative stress. Conclusions Our findings suggest the bread biofortified with selected durum wheat milling by-products as a source of phenolic acids with multiple anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties, which could help to counteract or prevent inflammatory vascular diseases
Phenolic Compounds in Wheat Kernels: Genetic and Genomic Studies of Biosynthesis and Regulations
No full textWhole wheat grains are an important source of bioactive components,
particularly of phenolic acids and flavonoids. Due to the health-promoting effects of
these phenolics, nowadays, the increase of their content in mature kernels is of great
interest and a potential target for wheat breeding programs. The biogenesis of phenolics
occurs through the general phenylpropanoid pathway, which is ubiquitous in
plant cell walls and leads to the synthesis of secondary metabolites that are involved
in plant defence and structural support. This chapter reviews the current knowledge
in phenylpropanoid chemistry, and the genetic and molecular basis for the biosynthesis
of phenolic acids and anthocyanins in wheat grains. Also, advances in assessing
genetic variation in the content and composition of these components in wheat
germplasm are reviewed, including the effects of different environmental conditions
on their accumulation in mature kernels. The recent, ongoing genomic studies are
reviewed providing updates on quantitative trait loci and genes involved in the synthesis
and accumulation of phenolics in wheat kernels. Finally, the promise and
limitations of breeding programs to potentially develop wheat cultivars rich in phenolic
components are discussed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Identifying QTL for grain protein content independent from grain yield-related traits in durum wheat
Full text linkGrain protein content (GPC) is a crucial quality trait determining the nutritional, rheological, and end-use properties characteristics of wheat. Breeding programs for GPC were hindered by complex genetic control, the strong influence of environmental factors, and the negative correlation between GPC and grain yield. To identify stable quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with increased GPC without decreasing grain yield, a recombinant inbred lines population of durum wheat was genotyped with a 25K SNP array and evaluated for GPC and yield-related traits in four field trials. Six QTL for GPC were identified on chromosomes 1B, 2B (two loci), 4B, 5A, and 6A, consistently expressed across environments, four of which had antagonistic effects on grain yield per spike (GYS). Two QTL (QGpc.mgb-5A and QGpc/TKW.mgb-2B.2) on 2B and 5A chromosomes were independent of GYS variations and could be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for GPC improvement. Identifying and utilizing beneficial QTL/genes for wheat improvement requires careful consideration of the inverse relationship between GPC and yield-related traits, and phenotypic data collected across multiple environments. MAS or genomic selection techniques can effectively target favorable alleles for GPC enhancement while minimizing the impact on grain yield
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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