1,720,962 research outputs found
Postoperative bowel obstruction after laparoscopic and open appendectomy in children: a 15-year experience
Full text linkPurpose: The purpose of the study was to determine and evaluate the incidence of postoperative bowel obstruction (PBO) after laparoscopic and open appendectomy in children. Material and Methods: The medical files of children who have undergone an appendectomy, either via the laparoscopic or open approach, at our department from 1992 until 2007 were reviewed. Collected data included age at appendectomy, initial surgical approach, time interval to PBO, and type of definitive treatment. The incidences of PBO after laparoscopic and open appendectomy were compared with the χ2 analysis. Results: From the 1684 children who were found, 1371 had nonperforated appendicitis and 313 had perforated appendicitis. Laparoscopic appendectomy was performed in 954 patients of the nonperforated group and in 221 of the perforated group. Open appendectomy was performed in 417 and 92 patients of the 2 groups, respectively. Overall, the incidence of PBO development was 2.2%. In the laparoscopic appendectomy population, a significantly low incidence of 1.19% of PBO development was detected, compared with the 4.51% of the open appendectomy group (P < .0001). Conclusion: Laparoscopic appendectomy diminishes the potential of PBO development. The overall incidence of PBO is not related to the severity of the disease but only to the initial operative approach. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Cecostomy button for antegrade enemas: survey of 29 patients
Full text linkObjective: This study evaluated the Trap-door button use (Cook Medical, Bloomington, IL) for antegrade enemas in children. Methods: Since 2002, patients with fecal incontinence or encopresis and constipation underwent percutaneous cecostomy under laparoscopy using a button. Technical details are described. Age at surgery, operative time, hospital stay, diagnosis, indications for cecostomy, and duration of follow-up were recorded. A survey was proposed via a questionnaire that was sent to the patients. Patients wearing the button for less than 1 month were excluded from this evaluation. The survey concerned volume and frequency of enemas, difficulties encountered, benefits and disadvantages of this method, and assessment of the antegrade enemas in continence. Results: Twenty-nine patients, 18 males and 11 females, aged 3 to 21 years (mean, 8.5 years) underwent laparoscopic Trap-door button placement. The indications for all the patients were intractable fecal incontinence in 24 cases and constipation with encopresis in 5 cases. Incontinence was because of myelomeningocele (n = 10), anorectal malformations (n = 11), caudal regression syndrome (n = 1), 22q11 syndrome (n= 1), and Hirschsprung disease with encephalopathy with convulsions (n = 1). Constipation with encopresis was because of sacrococcygeal teratoma (n = 1), cerebral palsy (n = 1), and acquired megarectum with psychiatric and social disorders (n = 3). A total of 26 cecostomy button placements and 3 sigmoidostomy button placements were successful with no intraoperative complication. The mean operative time was 25 minutes (10-40 minutes), and the hospital stay was 2.5 days (1-4 days). Twenty-two parents or patients answered the questionnaire. At the time of this survey, 2 patients had improved their fecal continence and had had the button removed. A mean of 4 weekly enemas was enough to improve fecal continence troubles (range, 1 daily to 1 for 2 weeks). The volume for enemas was 250 to 1000 mL (mean, 700 mL). The time required for the irrigation of the bowel by gravity took from 5 to 60 minutes (mean, 25 minutes) for 20 patients. Before surgery, 14 patients needed a diaper, day and night, and 6 needed sanitary protection. Soiling was a very significant inconvenience for all the patients. After surgery, only 5 patients needed a diaper (cerebral palsy, 22q11, cloacal malformation, myelomeningocele, bladder exstrophy) because of moderate results or urinary incontinence and continued soiling. Patients were asked to give an assessment (null = 0, bad = 1, fair = 2, good = 3, very good = 4). None of the patients felt there had been no changes or a bad result. There were 5 patients who felt they had an average result, 5 a good result, and 12 a very good result. The mean grade was 3.44 (17.2/20). A total of 3 patients had hypertrophic granulation tissue formation around the cecostomy button, and 12 had tiny leakage. Conclusion: Percutaneous placement of a cecostomy button under laparoscopic control is an easy and major complication-free procedure. The use of the Trap-door device by the patients or with the help of the parents for antegrade enemas is effective and satisfactory. It improves the quality of life and is reversible. © 2008
Contributions à l’amélioration et l’élaboration de biomateriaux dédiés à la hernie diaphragmatique congénitale
No full textCongenital diaphragmatic hernia is defined by the presence of posterolateral dysfunction of the diaphragmatic muscle. Its management is surgical by interposition of a prosthesis in the most serious forms. The ideal prosthesis does not exist and we have proved it by explant analysis showing unsatisfactory colonization. Similarly, the mechanical tests performed on the most commonly used prostheses show properties that are unsuitable for this indication. We have been able to develop two promising areas : the functionalization with polydopamine of expanded tetrafluoroethylene improves the biological properties of the prosthesis without altering its structure. We have developed an innovative material, whose mechanical properties meet the specifications of a diaphragmatic prosthesis implanted in the neonatal period by a better elasticity. In addition, the first in vitro tests show a significant colonization of the material in vitro with better cell adhesion within its frame. These elements push us to continue the investigations towards additional tests to go towards a patentable material.La hernie diaphragmatique congénitale se définit par la présence d’un défect postérolatéral du muscle diaphragmatique. Sa prise en charge est chirurgicale par interposition d’une prothèse dans les formes les plus graves. La prothèse idéale n’existe pas et nous l’avons prouvé par l’analyse d’explants montrant une colonisation non satisfaisante. De même les tests mécaniques réalisés sur les prothèses les plus couramment utilisées montrent des propriétés inadaptées dans cette indication. Nous avons pu développer deux axes prometteurs :- La fonctionnalisation par la polydopamine du Tétrafluoroethylène expansé améliore les propriétés biologiques de la prothèse sans altérer sa structure.- Nous avons su développer un matériau innovant, biface dont les propriétés mécaniques répondent au cahier des charges d’une prothèse diaphragmatique implantée en période néonatale par une meilleure élasticité. Par ailleurs, les premiers tests in vitro montrent une colonisation importante du matériau in vitro avec une meilleure adhésion cellulaire au sein de sa trame. Ces éléments nous poussent à poursuivre les investigations vers des tests complémentaires pour aller vers un matériau brevetable
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Contributions to the improvement and elaboration of biomaterials dedicated to the congenital diaphragmatic hernia
No full textLa hernie diaphragmatique congénitale se définit par la présence d’un défect postérolatéral du muscle diaphragmatique. Sa prise en charge est chirurgicale par interposition d’une prothèse dans les formes les plus graves. La prothèse idéale n’existe pas et nous l’avons prouvé par l’analyse d’explants montrant une colonisation non satisfaisante. De même les tests mécaniques réalisés sur les prothèses les plus couramment utilisées montrent des propriétés inadaptées dans cette indication. Nous avons pu développer deux axes prometteurs :- La fonctionnalisation par la polydopamine du Tétrafluoroethylène expansé améliore les propriétés biologiques de la prothèse sans altérer sa structure.- Nous avons su développer un matériau innovant, biface dont les propriétés mécaniques répondent au cahier des charges d’une prothèse diaphragmatique implantée en période néonatale par une meilleure élasticité. Par ailleurs, les premiers tests in vitro montrent une colonisation importante du matériau in vitro avec une meilleure adhésion cellulaire au sein de sa trame. Ces éléments nous poussent à poursuivre les investigations vers des tests complémentaires pour aller vers un matériau brevetable.Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is defined by the presence of posterolateral dysfunction of the diaphragmatic muscle. Its management is surgical by interposition of a prosthesis in the most serious forms. The ideal prosthesis does not exist and we have proved it by explant analysis showing unsatisfactory colonization. Similarly, the mechanical tests performed on the most commonly used prostheses show properties that are unsuitable for this indication. We have been able to develop two promising areas : the functionalization with polydopamine of expanded tetrafluoroethylene improves the biological properties of the prosthesis without altering its structure. We have developed an innovative material, whose mechanical properties meet the specifications of a diaphragmatic prosthesis implanted in the neonatal period by a better elasticity. In addition, the first in vitro tests show a significant colonization of the material in vitro with better cell adhesion within its frame. These elements push us to continue the investigations towards additional tests to go towards a patentable material
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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