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    Laser Ignition in a Micro Combustor

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    Ignition in cryogenic rocket engines is a critical phase during which small anomalies in the sequence timing can lead to the destruction of the chamber. The understanding of ignition processes taking place in such devices is scientifically very challenging and a key-point in terms of technical design. The M3 test rig operated at the German Space Center (DLR) is a rocket-like micro-combustor dedicated to the characterization of primary ignition phenomena of a single coaxial injector. In this test facility, combustion is initiated with a laser which provides the required synchronization accuracy for optical diagnostics. After describing the experimental setup, this paper presents the temporal evolution of the flow and the flame after the laser pulse, recorded by high-speed visualization techniques. In addition to experimental results, a numerical calculation based on the Large Eddy Simulation approach of the laser ignition is carried out. A detailed comparison of experimental and numerical data provides interesting insights on the ignition scenario

    Laser Micromachining

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    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Scale-up in Combustion

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