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No full textThe use of “The Responsibility to Protect” doctrine under the United Nations preventive actions
No full textThe “post-cold war” world challenges the big issue of new threats to the international
security system. Most of them are in connection to the phenomenon of fragile,
disintegrated states (known as “failed states”), in which government does not control the
state’s territory and deliver political goods to its inhabitants. This situation, when state
loses its exclusive right to enforce law on its territory leads to the ongoing internal
conflicts generally based on ethnic or religious tensions and threatens the local, regional
and, possibly, global security.
The paper looks at the matter of preventive diplomacy as one of the most successful
tools in preventing the violent conflicts and mass atrocities. Author emphasises the need of
the use of the mechanisms of preventive diplomacy not only enshrined in the Charter of
The United Nations (mainly in Chapters VI and VIII of the Charter), but also those that can be described as a “measures to build confidence” among members of international
community.
The paper also examines the existence of the new concept of “The Responsibility to
Protect” (R2P) within the tools and mechanisms of prevention. R2P is a holistic concept,
which includes responsibility to prevent, react and rebuild, what is more, pointing out the
primary responsibility of the state to protect its population and stressing that only if state is
unwilling or unable to comply with its obligations of protection, the international
community shall act in its place.
To conclude, R2P, seen as a historical, new approach of international law, based on
the principle that state sovereignty implies responsibility, can become an efficient
response to the issue of deadly internal conflicts, especially on the level of prevention
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Ukraine after the Revolution of Dignity and Imperial Aggression The 3R (Three Ukrainian Revolutions) Symposium: Revolution, War and Their Consequences. Warszawa, Poland (March 16–17, 2018), College of Europe in Natolin.
No full textThe paper reports The 3R (Three Ukrainian Revolutions) Symposium: Revolution, War and Their Consequences, which took place in Warsaw (Poland) on March 16-17, 2018. This multilayer event was organised as a part of the project named The 3R (Three Ukrainian Revolutions), initiated in the College of Europe in Natolin (Warsaw) in 2015, to provide the comparative studies over three revolutions witnessed in Ukraine in the last three decades. The 2018 conference gathered current and former politicians, diplomats, practitioners, scientists, journalists and social activists coming from mostly Ukraine and Poland, as well as the other states around the globe
Sprawiedliwość okresu przejściowego (transitional justice) w prawie międzynarodowym - ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem praw ofiar poważnych naruszeń: do sprawiedliwości, do prawdy i do naprawy
No full textCzy prawo międzynarodowe może stać się orężem dla ochrony praw ofiar pokrzywdzonych przez długoletnie, często masowe, strukturalne naruszenia w wyniku działania rządów autorytarnych lub przeżywających traumę związaną z brutalną wojną, niejednokrotnie sąsiada z sąsiadem, rozrywającej nie tylko społeczne, ale i nieraz rodzinne więzi? Czy można „opisać przeszłość” przy użyciu narzędzi typowo prawniczych, pozostawiając choć na chwilę na uboczu instrumenty charakterystyczne dla nauki historii, czy nauk politycznych? Wreszcie, czy prawny wywód dotyczący rozliczania zbrodni przeszłości może spowodować „odpolitycznienie” debaty w poszczególnych państwach zmagających się ze swoim niełatwym dziedzictwem? Wszystkie te pytania odnoszą się bezpośrednio do pojęcia sprawiedliwości okresu przejściowego (transitional justice), niezwykle dynamicznie rozwijającej się dyscypliny wiedzy, ale i przede wszystkim działań praktycznych czerpiących bezpośrednio z nauk prawnych, w tym prawa międzynarodowego, nauk historycznych, politycznych, społecznych, czy nawet psychologicznych. To nauka, która próbuje znaleźć odpowiedź na problemy społeczeństw przekształcających się. Społeczeństw znajdujących się w trudnym „okresie przejściowym” pomiędzy rządami władzy opresyjnej a demokracją lub pomiędzy wojną a pokojem. Co więcej, jak się wydaje, najważniejszym punktem odniesienia w okresie przejściowym powinny stać się ofiary naruszeń – to jak najszersze zapewnienie realizacji prawnych i społecznych oczekiwań najbardziej pokrzywdzonych oraz ich upodmiotowienie w procesie wdrażania sprawiedliwości dziejowej gwarantuje rzeczywiste powodzenie procesu transformacji i ostateczne „przepędzenie demonów przeszłości”
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