1,720,956 research outputs found
At the Proof of Time Pressure: Asylum Judges at the Frontline of Asylum Appeals in Italy and France
No full textThis article investigates the role of asylum judges in asylum policy implementation, focusing on the pressures and constraints produced by the managerial turn affecting judicial offices. Comparing Italy and France, the study examines how asylum judges handle increased caseloads and demands for efficiency and accountability using the Street-Level Bureaucracy (SLB) framework, which has rarely been applied to these professionals. Data analysis from interviews, observation, and shadowing reveals that asylum judges experience pressures that vary in extent and form between the two cases. French judges at the National Court of Asylum (CNDA) experience intense managerial pressures to expedite cases driven by political demands. In contrast, Italian judges deal with pressures related to societal accountability caused by backlogs and scarce resources and respond by adopting diverse local practices
Countries you go, asylum adjudication you find”. Asylum appeals implementation arrangements, actors’ discretion and organizational practices.
No full textThe article investigates the implementation of a crucial area of the EU asylum policy, which is asylum adjudication at the appeal stage. According to the Common European Asylum System (CEAS), Member States must guarantee asylum seekers an effective remedy against first- instance decisions. However, the EU policy framework leaves space for each country to choose its implementation model. Filling a gap in the literature on asylum policy implementation, the article explores the implementation arrangements for asylum appeals in three countries, Italy, France, and Greece, which adopt different models. More precisely, relying on Strategic Analysis of Organizations (Crozier 1963; Crozier and Friedberg 1977) and the Street-Level Bureaucracy (SLB) approach, the article addresses how specific elements of the implementation arrangement influence organizational autonomy, implementing actors’ routines and perceptions, as well as the degree of discretion. Moreover, it investigates the influence of de facto organizational practices on policy performance. The analysis of qualitative data suggests that different implementation arrangements, such as the nature of the body, the appointment system, and mechanisms of vertical accountability, shape de facto individual and organizational practices and actors’ spaces for discretion. This process seems to impact policy performance, particularly in terms of uniformity, which is a core objective within the broader European policy framework for asylum adjudication
Up-scaling social innovation in asylum adjudication: the case of the Migrantes project in Sicily
Full text linktaly, as other European countries, saw a dramatic increase in international protection claims, heavily impacting the workload of Italian lower courts entitled to re-examine refusal decisions on asylum. The Court of Catania, in Sicily, was the most affected by this situation due to its geographical position, so that in 2016 it registered an increase of 514% in its new proceedings related to international protection. This surge in asylum claims affected the proper functioning of the judiciary and the whole asylum policy, as claims remained unsolved for a long time. In order to face these challenges, from 2015 to 2017 the project Migrantes, funded by the European Social Fund, was developed in the Court of Catania with the aim to better organise and speed up judicial procedures concerning asylum claims, the first and crucial stage of the refugee’s integration process. The present article offers an analysis of the project through the lens of the Social Innovation framework, adopting a multi-scalar perspective. In particular, it shows the innovative solutions adopted by the local court, the opportunity structures existing at local, regional, national and EU levels. Moreover, it focuses on the consolidation process that followed up-scaling dynamics and on the factors facilitating it
The Role of Local Socio-Economic Integration in Italian Asylum Adjudications
No full textThis chapter focuses on the Italian case and explores if judges’ final decisions in granting humanitarian protection actually consider asylum seekers' level of integration into the society of residence. More precisely, analyses focus on the appeal stage and, therefore, consider asylum applications rejected at first instance by Territorial Commissions and re-examined by Italian Civil Courts.
Adopting a mixed-method approach, the chapter aims to understand if, and to what extent, asylum seekers’ level of integration is a potential determinant in favouring judges to grant humanitarian protection at the appeal stage. Findings reveal that, by and large, factors of integration are deeply considered by Italian judges in the decision to grant humanitarian protection, but employment status and language proficiency seem to be more important than other factors
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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