1,721,109 research outputs found
Les «indéfinis» en coréen et en japonais
No full textChang In-Bong, Labrune Laurence. Les «indéfinis» en coréen et en japonais. In: Faits de langues, n°4, Septembre 1994. L'indéfini. pp. 73-80
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Japanese expressions containing a numeral and a classifier : a study of morphophonological alternations
No full textCette thèse porte sur les alternances morphophonologiques se produisant dans les expressions contenant un numéral suivi d’un classificateur, par exemple ip-piki ‘1 petit animal’.Du point de vue théorique, bien que ces expressions aient fait l’objet de nombreuses études syntaxiques et sémantiques, leurs alternances morphophonologiques ont été peu analysées. Pourtant certaines d’entre elles sont, à notre connaissance, uniques aux combinaisons numéraux + classificateurs. Notre problématique s’articule en trois points : (i) Quelle est la répartition de ces alternances ? (ii) Quels sont leurs mécanismes ? (iii) Quel est le statut de ces mécanismes dans la phonologie du japonais ?Pour mener notre étude, nous avons constitué une base de données originale contenant à ce jour 1 779 entrées. Nos formalisations s’intègrent principalement dans le cadre autosegmental. Bien qu’il s’agisse d’une étude synchronique, nous nous sommes également intéressés à l’évolution de ces alternances afin de dégager certaines tendances.Nos résultats principaux sont les suivants : (i) Il existe 11 types d’alternance dont 4 sont réellement productives. (ii) Leur répartition est inégale et dépend à la fois du numéral et du classificateur. (iii) Celle-ci semble également avoir un lien avec la fréquence en occurrence et en type du classificateur. (iv) Il semble y avoir une tendance à l’uniformisation des paradigmes des numéraux + classificateurs. (v) Les combinaisons numéral + classificateur ne peuvent pas être vus comme de simples noms composés. Nous avons également mis en avant d’autres phénomènes intéressants notamment dans les domaines de l’accent du japonais et de l’assimilation.Les résultats de ce travail sont non seulement pertinents pour la phonologie et la morphologie du japonais – et générale – mais présentent un intérêt didactique puisqu’elle permet de mieux comprendre l’irrégularité apparente des combinaisons numéral + classificateur en japonais, qui représentent généralement une difficulté importante pour les apprenants.This thesis focuses on morphophonological alternations occurring in expressions containing a numeral followed by a classifier in Japanese, such as ip-piki ‘1 small animal’. From a theoretical perspective, although these expressions have been extensively studied in the fields of syntax and semantics, their morphophonological properties have attracted little attention. However, some of the alternations are, to our knowledge, only unique to numerals + classifiers combinations.We had three main research questions: (i) What is the distribution of these alternations? (ii) What are their mechanisms? (iii) What is the status of these mechanisms in the phonology of Japanese?To carry our study, we created an original database containing 1,779 entries to date. Our formalizations appeal to the Autosegmental framework.Although our study is mainly synchronic, we were also interested in the evolution of these alternations in order to identify certain trends.Our main results are as follows: (i) We identified 11 types of alternations, 4 of which can be classified as productive; (ii) The distribution of these alternations is uneven and depends both on the numeral and on the classifier; (iii) These alternations also seem to be related to the type-frequency and the token-frequency of the classifier; (iv) There seems to be a tendency towards the uniformization of paradigms of numeral+classifiers; and lastly, (v) numeral+classifier compounds should not be seen as “simple” compounds but rather as, what we called “numeral complex words”. We have also highlighted other interesting phenomena, particularly in the areas of the Japanese accent and assimilation.The results of this work are not only relevant for the phonology of and morphology of Japanese and linguistics in general but are of pedagogical interest since it allows us to better understand the apparent irregularity of numeral+classifier combinations in Japanese, which are generally considered a real hurdle for Japanese language learners
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Atonic Pattern and the Deaccentuation Phenomenon in Contemporary Japanese
No full textCette thèse aborde un sujet qui soulève des questions fondamentales pour la phonologie accentuelle du japonais (de Tōkyō moderne) ainsi que pour la théorie phonologique générale. Il s’agit de l’existence de mots atones (inaccentués) et de la désaccentuation (changement du patron accentuel en vertu duquel une forme tonique devient atone), deux phénomènes typologiquement rares suscitant également des interrogations théoriques plus générales. L’objectif de notre recherche est d’examiner les facteurs morphophonologiques qui favorisent ou entravent la désaccentuation. La méthodologie consiste à étudier les caractéristiques communes des noms ayant subi une désaccentuation entre deux éditions d’un dictionnaire de prononciation et d’accent (1998 et 2016, édition de la NHK) en prenant en compte cinq paramètres : la longueur des noms, la position originelle du noyau accentuel, la structure morique, la structure morphologique et la fréquence. Un des résultats les plus importants concerne les deux premiers paramètres. Ce résultat amène à classer les noms japonais en trois catégories de taille (petite, moyenne et grande) et à diviser les patrons accentuels en deux natures (fort et faible) en fonction de leur réceptibilité à la désaccentuation. L’importance que nous accordons à cette catégorisation doit être comprise à la lumière de l’influence de ces facteurs sur le processus de désaccentuation, indépendamment d’un facteur non négligeable et connu comme ayant une influence importante sur la désaccentuation, à savoir la strate lexicale. En effet, les trois strates lexicales ont des caractéristiques morphophonologiques très différentes, mais la taille de mots et les patrons forts jouent un rôle similaire dans la désaccentuation quelle que soit la strate. Cette thèse propose également une analyse tonale de la désaccentuation dans le cadre de la phonologie autosegmentale (Goldsmith 1976). Nous partons de l’hypothèse selon laquelle la désaccentuation du japonais peut s’analyser comme mettant en jeu deux assimilations tonales (horizontale et verticale), processus considérés comme naturels et basiques et fréquemment observés dans des langues à tons (Hyman 1975 ; Hyman & Schuh 1974). Cette approche purement tonale permet non seulement de saisir le mécanisme de la désaccentuation de manière simple et élégante, mais aussi de fournir des explications cohérentes avec les principaux résultats de notre étude : la sensibilité à la désaccentuation de la taille moyenne (3µ et 4µ) et celle des patrons faibles (final et pénultième) ainsi que la résistance à la désaccentuation des autres tailles (petites : 1µ et 2µ, grandes : 5µ ou plus) et celle des patrons forts (antépénultième et initial).This thesis deals with a subject that raises some fundamental questions in the field of accentual Phonology in (contemporary Tōkyō) Japanese, as well as in the broader framework of phonological theory. It concerns the existence of atonic (or unaccented) words and of the deaccentuation phenomenon, the latter referring to an accentual pattern shift from tonic to atonic. These two typologically rare phenomena also call for broader theoretical inquiries. The aim of this research is to examine the morphophonological factors that favor or hinder deaccentuation. The methodology involves studying the shared characteristics of nouns that have undergone deaccentuation between two editions of a pronunciation and accent dictionary (1998 and 2016, NHK edition). Five key parameters have been considered: word length, original position of the accent kernel, moraic structure, morphological structure and frequency. One of the most important findings concerns the first two parameters. Based on our data study, it is claimed that in regard to the sensitivity and resistance to deaccentuation, Japanese nouns can be divided into three sizes (small, medium and large). In addition, accentual patterns can be categorized into two natures (strong and weak). The significance of this classification should be understood in the light of the influence of these factors on the deaccentuation process, independently of a factor which is known to have an important influence on deaccentuation in Japanese, namely the lexical stratum. Indeed, the three lexical strata (native, sino-Japanese and western loanwords) have very different morphophonological characteristics, but word size and strong accent patterns play a similar role when it comes to deaccentuation regardless of the stratum. The thesis also proposes a tonal analysis of deaccentuation within the framework of autosegmental phonology (Goldsmith 1976). The hypothesis is based on the assumption that Japanese deaccentuation is closely related to two (horizontal and vertical) concomitant tonal assimilations. These two natural and basic phenomena are frequently observed in tonal languages (Hyman 1975; Hyman & Schuh 1974). This purely tonal approach not only provides a simple and elegant understanding of the deaccentuation mechanism, but also aligns with the main results of our study. These findings indicate an important sensitivity to deaccentuation amongst medium sized-words (3µ and 4µ) and weak accent patterns (final and penultimate), as well as a notable resistance to deaccentuation in smaller (1µ and 2µ) and larger (5µ or more) sized-words and strong accent patterns (antepenultimate and initial)
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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