1,721,014 research outputs found
CHARACTERIZING THE GEOSPATIAL FEATURES IN CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING UPTAKE AMONG AMAZONIAN PERUVIAN WOMEN
Get PDFIntroduction
Cervical cancer is the most common and second-most deadly cancer among Peruvian women. Uptake of critical cancer prevention and care services has been demonstrated to depend on health facility accessibility. This study sought to identify and analyze the geospatial features that contribute to the utilization of cervical cancer screening among women in Amazonian Peru.
Methods
A Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice (KAP) survey was implemented across five study sites of varying urbanization levels in Iquitos, Peru during September and October, 2017. Cross-sectional cervical cancer screening history information was collected from 619 female interviewees aged 18 to 65 years. Standard regression models and semivariograms were used to characterize the degree to which uptake of cervical cancer screening is related to spatial location. Exposures identified to be spatially-related to cervical cancer screening use were analyzed in spatial generalized mixed-effects regression models. Furthermore, spatial statistics were employed within each of the Iquitos study sites to assess the spatial intensity and clustering of cervical cancer screening uptake on the household-level.
Results
Uptake of cervical cancer screening among women in Amazonian Peru was shown to be spatially dependent. Number of live births, health insurance status, partner support of screening participation, and travel time to health facility usually attended were identified as exposures spatially-related to screening. Spatial regressions demonstrated that health insurance status and partner support of screening participation were statistically significantly associated with cervical cancer screening in univariate models, but not in a model including all spatially-related exposures. Finally, screened households generally clustered among each other and their public community health post more than unscreened households.
Discussion
This study demonstrated the spatial dependency of cervical cancer screening in Iquitos, Peru. These findings first suggest that geospatial analyses of cervical cancer screening uptake among women in Amazonian Peru are appropriate and necessary. Second, the relationship between screening and geographic location indicates that public health interventions implemented to improve screening rates should remain mindful of the particular challenges that characterize specific locations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEPATITIS E VIRUS INFECTIONS IN RURAL BANGLADESH
Get PDFHepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging enteric pathogen responsible for most
acute hepatitis worldwide. This dissertation presents data from studies conducted from
2001-2006 in the Matlab Health Research Center population under the International
Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh. These studies define the previously
unknown burden of HEV in rural Bangladesh and address gaps in HEV epidemiology.
This work begins with a literature review, focusing on the challenges presented by this
virus: the unexplained high case fatality in pregnancy, the absence of HEV in children,
the rapid deterioration of immunity, and recent evidence implicating some HEV
genotypes as zoonoses. The first study is a cross-sectional assessment of antibody
seroprevalence to three hepatitis viruses (B,C&E) in a representative random population
sample (n=1134). This study revealed a 22.5% seroprevalence of anti-HEV, 35.2% anti-
HBc and 1.5% anti-HCV. Anti-HEV seroprevalence peaked in the second/third decades
of life, as seen in India/Nepal. Male gender and outdoor employment were significantly
associated with seropositivity. The second study follows this baseline cohort
longitudinally for 18 months to determine HEV infection and disease rates. From 837
person-years (P-Y) of exposure, an incidence rate of 60.3/1000P-Y was estimated. Agespecific
seroincidence increased in subsequent 10-year categories, peaking at 41-50y.
Although clinical illness seemed infrequent, a disease:infection ratio as high as 49 per
100 (95%CI:31–73) was estimated. Third, an exploratory nested case control study
attempts to identify putative risk factors for sporadic hepatitis E disease. Over 22 months,
13 field workers used a morbidity-scoring algorithm to identify acute hepatitis-like illness
in their catchment population of 23,500. Finally, 46 confirmed HEV infections were
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compared to 134 sero-naïve age-matched controls. Cases were less likely to be <15y,
female or use unsanitary latrines in their homes. Outdoor employment, work outside the
home, and travel to a town/city emerged as risk factors. Unlike in previous studies, recent
contact with a “jaundice” patient and injection exposures were significant. These studies
establish that: HEV is endemic in rural Bangladesh; sporadic infections are frequent in
the absence of outbreaks; and, aside from classic hygiene risk factors, there may be other
pathways through which HEV is transmitted
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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