1,721,007 research outputs found
Infectious and non-communicable health conditions among newly arrived Eritrean migrants and refugees at arrival and post integration in Switzerland
Full text linkSummary
In the recent past years, due to the unprecedented refugee influx worldwide, the awareness of migration has started to get momentum globally. Several key discussion themes had been raised so far by politicians, economists, international organizations, humanitarian activists, public health expertise, as well as researchers. Particularly in the European context, the continuous upsurge of migrants is of great concern.
Majority of immigrants from the south heading towards north are from the sub-Saharan African countries (SSA), where largest portion of them are in the category of low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Hence, migrants and refugees from this region are highly anticipated to have an earlier exposure to the endemic infectious diseases (IDs) before even they kick-off their migration tour. Moreover, due to economical impoverishment, the health system of most LMIC is incapable to provide even basic health care services. Adding to this, the exhausting journey along the Sahara desert and the stressful Mediterranean Sea voyage, expose refugees and migrants to destitute health statues. Even transit countries, being in an unstable condition, are not equipped to support them.
That is why several refugees and migrants arriving in Europe disembark with several infectious diseases (IDs), non-communicable diseases (NCDs), mental health (MH), as well maternal and child health related complications. Several international organizations, such as the WHO European region, international organization of migration (IOM), and European center for disease prevention and control (ECDC), and others non-governmental organization (NGOs) have reported many easily treatable diseases on arrival and post-arrival.
In Switzerland, similar to other countries in Europe, the number of refugees and migrants is on the rise. The reports from the federal office of statistic, federal secretary of migration, and international Red Cross of the country shows majority of the recently arriving refugees from the south are from Eritrea. Currently, migrants and refugees from Eritrea account for more than 32% of the immigrants in the country, making them on top of the table for the last 10 years in a row.
Despite the large number of Eritrean refugees and migrants in the country, to our knowledge, the health condition of this population is not fully documented. Like most SSA, the health condition among the Eritreans is anticipated to be poor on arrival. But, apart from few case reported studies, there is no systematic screening procedure conducted.
Hence, using novel approach, we intended to systematically screen newly arrived, asymptomatic, feeling healthy, Eritrean refugees and migrants at base-line and follow them for two years cohort. In this cross-sectional base-line study, we recruited voluntary participants from both males and females. Invitation letter (written in both English and Tigrigna, local language from Eritrea) was sent by post, using addresses retrieved from the registries’ of social assistants’ bureau. The study was conducted in two cantons in the north-west Switzerland, the Basel-Stadt and Basel-Landschaft.
At the base-line, among the screened IDs, schistosomiasis was reported in more than half of the asymptomatic refugees and migrants. Malaria was screened in 6%. Other IDs such as Giardia lamblia and Hymenelopis nana were also reported. As to NCDs and their risk factors, majority of participants had vitamin D deficiency. Hence, a onetime intramuscular supplementation of vitamin D3 was important and significantly improved serum vitamin D level. Since most of our study participants were young (median age of 25 years), several of the NCDs risk factors were within the normal range of scale according to the WHO recommended measures.
In regarding to the mental health situation, nearly half reported symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This finding is similar to several studies conducted within Europe and outside Europe. This implies how demanding and frightening journey refugees and migrants had to overcome to reach their destination target in Europe. But the one year follow-up has showed an improvement toward their PTSD score in the post-migration statues.
Though it is vital to investigate the poor mental health condition of immigrants using a qualitative assessment tool, findings from our study foresees the need of proper screening and handling. Some studies argue that, it is also possible the mental health of these immigrants to get worsened during the post-arrival, due to the anticipated delay of processing and inaccessibility to health care facilities.
Hence, basic screening protocols on arrival, particularly for refugees and migrants from IDs endemic countries and/or transiting through one of them, can be suggested to reduce the sequel of asymptomatic chronic infections. Similarly, since the trend of the disregard NCDs and their risk factors among young immigrants is more likely to shift, boosting the consciousness is essential. This could be through intervention such as, engaging immigrants into behavioral change practices, for example outdoor exposure, physical activities and applying healthy diet menus as well.
In general, our immigrants health study Switzerland (IHSS), has depicted the need of an extensive and broader study to understand the health disparities of migrants during pre-migration, along the migration path way and in post-migration. Only cross-sectional designed studies might fail to investigate and understand the roots, causes, progresses and epidemiology of the diseases. Similarly, health care services and demands of refugees and migrants may not be in-depth represented through quantitative approach alone. Hence, an integrated, holistic approach, embarrassing IDs, NCDs, mental health as well as maternity, childcare and family planning need to be implemented. As migration health is a complex theme to address discretely, collaborative efforts from regional and international organizations, including policy makers, NGOs, researchers and social workers and medical professionals and others need to join hand for the better health care services access to immigrants.
This joint effort toward establishing a sustainable, equitable and affordable (SEA) health care access would greatly minimize the unnecessary public health expenses, reduce the efficient utilization gap by immigrants, and would be a tool to establish an efficient surveillance system. Hence, a more healthier, productive and efficient immigrant community could successful be integrated into the host countries
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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