1,721,044 research outputs found
Colonial rule, colonial repression and war crimes in the Italian colonies
No full textA strange silence has long reigned in the public memory as well as in Italian historical studies regarding possible crimes committed by Italy in its colonial territories. The aim of this article is to reflect on the reasons for this silence through an examination of the major historiographical questions and a review of the few studies available on the subject. The historiographical use of the judicial category of 'crimes' or 'war crimes' should not be taken for granted, above all in examining the history of the colonial experience. The most important authors have ignored the risk that the sensationalistic use of the category 'crime' - in itself an extraordinary and exceptional event - can make one forget the weight of the ordinary running of a colonial power. With these precautions, the article offers a list of the principal episodes historians now unanimously define as crimes. These episodes eliminate any possibility of taking refuge in the self-absolving and vague appeals to stereotypes of Italians as 'good people'. The article concludes by defining precisely the triple order of silences that together produced the general silence that the author considers an obstacle and a post-colonial stain on the memory of colonial Italy. © 2004 Taylor & Francis Ltd
Constructing Mussolini’s new man in Africa? Italian memories of the fascist war on Ethiopia
No full textMemoirs written by those involved in the Ethiopian War were an important means through which the Fascist regime justified the invasion, and promoted the glory of Empire. In the post-war period, memoirs of the campaign continued to be published, and they constitute one of the rare places in which the memory of Empire was cultivated and nurtured. The writers of these texts had different views of the colonial experience, and this article aims to examine a range of these accounts in order to understand their diversity. It also suggests that this diversity is indicative of the problematic concept of 'consent' to the Fascist regime. © The Society for Italian Studies 2006
Völkerschauen bei Kolonialausstellungen im liberalen undim faschistischen Italien
No full textGerman translation of the chapter "Living Ethnological and Colonial Exhibitions in Liberal and Fascist Italy" by Guido Abbattista and Nicola Labanca, in « Humans Zoos : Science and Spectacle in the Age of Colonial Empires », Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, 2008, page 341 ff
LIVING ETHNOLOGICAL AND COLONIAL EXHIBITIONS IN LIBERAL AND FASCIST ITALY
No full text%h is con:. tnbub'o n al' ms to provide a brief overview of some of the most s~gmficant manifestations of the phenomenon of living
ethnological exhibitions in the Italy of the Liberal and Fascist eras.' To
this end, two introductory remarks of a methodological nature seem to
be appropriate. The first is that the phenomena linown as 'human zoos'
belong to a wider category ofhistorical forms of 'use', i.e. 'public use', of
live 'specimens' of alien races -those perceived as different, admirable
or terrible (in their nature, appearance, ability or pathology) - in the
context of representations and rituals of political power (triumphs,
regal ceremonies, parades and pageants), social power (festivals,
celebrations, theatrical entertainment, processions, displays for fairs
and markets), or cultural power (collections, exhibitions of curiosities
and wonders, places of scientific observation). The second remark is
that, in our opinion, investigation on this kind of event, with reference
to the specific contexts, modes and aims of the late: nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries, should only use general categories - such as
racism, propaganda, colonialism, commodification, reification, exploitation,
or even newly coined categories such as animalization - with
great caution. Such elements were certainly present in the sodo-cultural
events inspired by the ideas of racial hierarchy and the exaltation of
Western supremacy, but historical research should not be limited to
compiling lists of episodes. It should instead bring to light not only
general and common traits but also specific historical characteristics
in the context of history and environment, focusing on the ambiguities
that render general paradigms more problematic
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Carriere spezzate. Cadorna, Diaz e il governo dei quadri (maggio 1915-novembre 1918)
No full textSTUDIO DELLE RAGIONI, DELLE MODALITA' E DELLE CONSEGUENZE IMMEDIATE E FUTURE DELLA RIMOZIONE DEGLI UFFICIALI IN COMANDO DA PARTE DI CADORN
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