7,079 research outputs found
The international competitiveness of cava: success of a particular firm or the district ?
No full textFirst of all, the author wonders about the degree of success of the Catalan sparkling wine industry in the recent past. The comparison with the Italian sparkling spumante and also with the case of the most celebrated sparkling wine in the world, champagne, shows a very positive trend of the cava production and exports in the last three decades of the XXth century. Secondly, this paper focuses on the agent or cause responsible of this success. Is it due to a particular firm or should it be attributed to the whole industrial cava cluster around the area of Sant Sadurni dAnoia? More than two thirds of the exports correspond to a particular firm. In this sense, we should attribute the success to it. However, the historical explanation of the development of the industrial cava cluster in the main and well-kwown viticultural Catalan area of Penedes, shows that all producers have benefit from the Marshalian external economies due to this concentration. And the paper shows that the leading export firm would never have succeeded in the international market without the existence of this kind of invisible advantages.skilled labor, wine industry, wine trade, spumante, cava, cluster, champagne, sparkling wine, protectionism
From trade to industry. The wine production sector in the Penedès Denomination of Origin, 1940-2000
No full text[cat] Aquest treball té com a objectiu mostrar el grau en què el sector de la producció de vi a la Denominació d'Origen Penedès ha respost als reptes que s’han plantejat tant en termes de l'oferta (de consolidació i sorgiment dels països productors fora de l'esfera europea tradicional) i de la demanda (caiguda de la el consum de vi i els nous hàbits de consum) durant la segona meitat del segle XX. El document analitza l'evolució del sector a la regió des del començament de la dècada de 1940 fins a la fi del segle. Amb la fi de la Guerra Civil de 1936-1939 el sector va haver d'afrontar una caiguda de la producció, la qual va continuar concentrant-se en la comercialització de vins tradicionals. Aquesta situació va canviar quan, a finals de la dècada de 1960, la demanda es va girar cada vegada més als vins de major qualitat embotellats. Des del punt de vista legislatiu, la resposta es va centrar en la innovació tecnològica i la reestructuració de l'empresa. Aquest període va ser testimoni de la introducció de nous equips i processos, com ara l’acer inoxidable i tancs de fermentació a temperatura controlada, amb els vins embotellats expulsant el vi a granel i la transformació dels grans magatzemistes en cellers i caves. A més, una de les principals característiques del període 1970-1985 va ser la formació dels grans conglomerats empresarials dels vins i del cava. L’entrada d'Espanya a la Unió Europea el 1986 va impulsar una acceleració d'aquest procés de transformació, deixant el sector format principalment per empreses que produeixen vins i caves, que han introduït els vins negres i varietals en la seva oferta de productes, que posseeixen moltes hectàrees de vinyes i en molts casos, que han mostrat una clara intenció de penetrar en el mercat internacional.[eng] The paper aims to show the extent to which the wine production sector in the Penedès “Denominació d’Origen” responded to the challenges posed both in terms of supply (consolidation and emergence of producing countries outside the traditional European sphere) and demand (fall in wine consumption and new consumer habits). It looks at the evolution of the sector in the region from the beginning of the 1940s up to present day. With the end of the 1936-1939 Civil War the sector had to deal with a fall-off in production, though it continued to take shape around the traditional wine trade. This situation changed when, at the end of the 1960s, demand increasingly turned towards higher quality bottled wines. From the legislative standpoint, the response centred on technological innovation and company restructuring. This period saw the introduction of new equipment and processes, such as stainless steel tanks and controlled- temperature fermentation, with bottled wines pushing out bulk wine and the large warehouses giving way to wineries and cellars. In addition, one of the main features of the 1970-1985 period was the formation of the big wine and cava business conglomerates. Spain’s entry into the European Union in 1986 accelerated this transformation process, leaving the sector made up of companies that produced both wines and cavas, introduced red and varietal wines into the range of products they offered, owned many hectares of vines and in many cases showed a clear intention to enter the international market
The inferior caval vein draining into the left atrial cavity : a rare case
No full textThe inferior vena cava (IVC) draining into the left atrium (LA) is exceedingly rare in the setting of the usual atrial arrangement (situs solitus). This article describes a patient with this unique anomaly, and its repair.peer-reviewe
Reportaje a José Cava
No full textReportaje a José Cava, guitarrista de Mauré y Azucena Maizani. Duración 1ra parte: 00:29:49. Duración 2da parte: 00:20:2
Common variable immunodeficiency: two mutations are better than one
No full textB cells from common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients who have one mutant copy of the gene encoding the transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) often display dysfunctional antibody production. Interestingly, some individuals with mutations in both TACI alleles do not present with CVID, suggesting that TACI mutations influence CVID pathogenesis via dominant interference or haploinsufficiency. In this issue of the JCI, Romberg and colleagues report how TACI mutations impact B cell activation, removal of autoreactive B cells, and the development of autoimmune disease in CVID
The influence of diet and obesity on gene expression in SLE
No full textThis review provides an overview of the known effects of diet, obesity, and the intake of different nutrients on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It summarizes and discusses the studies in rodents that identified how different diets can regulate gene expression in the disease, together with a description of the effects of diet on lupus patients' inflammatory state and disease severity. The identification of selected dietary candidates that can modulate SLE onset and progression is analyzed in relation to possible targeted approaches that could ultimately ameliorate the management and prognosis of this disease
Putting together the autoimmunity puzzle
No full textAutoimmune diseases classically present with a complex etiology in which different factors concur in the generation and maintenance of autoreactive immune responses. Some mechanisms and pathways that lead to the development of imbalanced immune homeostasis and loss of self-tolerance have been identified as common to multiple autoimmune disorders. This Review series focuses on the general concepts of development and progression to pathogenic autoimmune phenotypes. A mechanistic discussion of the most recent advances in the field, together with related considerations of possible therapies, make this series of particular interest to both the basic and translational science communities
Tregs in SLE: an Update
No full textPurpose of review: There has been great interest in understanding why T regulatory cells (Tregs) are reduced in number and/or in function in several autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although research has provided some answers, there is still much to learn.
Recent findings: Recent investigations on the mechanisms responsible for the impairment of the Tregs in SLE have identified relevant abnormalities in cellular and molecular pathways that have been instrumental in the design of studies in animal models and in the development of pilot immunotherapeutic studies in lupus patients. We review the progress made in the field in the last 5 years, discussing the mechanistic studies, together with the preclinical and clinical works that are moving forward the understanding of the physiopathology of Tregs in SLE
Leptin in inflammation and autoimmunity
No full textAfter its discovery as a key controller of metabolic function, leptin has been later extensively implicated in additional functions including important modulatory activities on the innate and adaptive immune response. This review analyzes the known implications of leptin in multiple inflammatory conditions, including autoimmune diseases, and how this knowledge could be instrumental in the design of leptin-based manipulation strategies to help restoration of abnormal immune responses
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