277,698 research outputs found
Schaderpreis 1997 Burkart Lutz
No full textSIGLEAvailable from FHB Aachen / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman
Generalizing Empirical Adequacy I: Multiplicity and Approximation
No full textBased on a formalization of constructive empiricism’s core concept of empirical adequacy, I show that some previous discussions rest on misunderstandings of empirical adequacy. Using one of the inspirations for constructive empiricism, I generalize the concept of a theory to avoid implausible presumptions about the relations of theoretical concepts and observations, and generalize empirical adequacy to allow for lack of knowledge, approximations, and successive gain of knowledge and precision. As a test case, I provide an application of the concepts to a simple interference phenomenon
Auxiliary Assumptions, Unification, and Intelligent Design: A Defense of Contrastive Testability
No full textBoudry and Leuridan argue that in a number of cases—and specifically in the case of intelligent design—a theory can be intuitively testable, but not contrastively testable according to Sober’s definition. I argue that their purported counterexamples rely on misunderstandings of the concept of contrastive testability and the version of intelligent design criticized by Sober. I also argue that the liberalization of contrastive testability suggested by Boudry and Leuridan is trivial
Generalizing Empirical Adequacy II: Partial Structures
No full textThe companion piece to this article captures and generalizes empirical adequacy in terms of vagueness sets. In this article, I show that previous attempts to capture and generalize empirical adequacy in terms of partial structures fail. Indeed, the motivations for the partial structures approach are better met by vagueness sets, which can be used to generalize the partial structure approach
Quasi-Truth as Truth of a Ramsey Sentence
No full textI show the quasi-truth of a sentence in a partial structure to be equivalent to the truth of a specific Ramsey sentence in a structure that corresponds naturally to the partial structure. Hence quasi-truth, the core notion of the partial structures approach, can be captured in the terms of the received view on scientific theories as developed by Carnap and Hempel. I further show that a mapping is a partial homomorphism/isomorphism between two partial structures if and only if it is a homomorphism/isomorphism between their corresponding structures. It is a corollary that the partial structures approach can be expressed in first or second order model theory
Simulium subnigrum Lutz 1910
No full textsubnigrum Lutz, 1910: 239, fig. 7. Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, São Paulo (ríos Pacaembu e Anhangabaú) e Rio de Janeiro: Mendes and Petrópolis. Distr.: Colombia (Meta (Restrepo)), Venezuela, Trinidad, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina. Refs.: Vulcano, 1967: 21 (cat.); Barreto, 1969: 34; Muñoz de Hoyos et al., 1982: 145; Muñoz de Hoyos, 1994: 431; Coscarón & Coscarón Arias, 2007: 278; Coscarón et al., 2008: 35 (cat.); Adler & Crosskey, 2015: 73 (inv.). diversifurcatum Lutz, 1910: 258. subclavibranchium Lutz, 1910: 260. nogueirai d’Andretta & Dolores Gonzalez, 1964: 103. mbarigui Coscarón & Wygodzinsky, 1973 b: 142. beaupertuyi Ramírez-Pérez, Rassi & Ramírez, 1977: 165. nahimi Py-Daniel, 1984: 125. leopoldense (Strieder & Py-Daniel), 2000: 15.Published as part of Wolff, Marta I., Miranda-Esquivel, Daniel Rafael & Moncada-Alvarez, Ligia Ines, 2016, FAMILY SIMULIIDAE, pp. 154-177 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 161, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.17, http://zenodo.org/record/26442
On Sober's Criterion of Contrastive Testability
No full textElliott Sober has suggested his criterion of contrastive testability as an improvement over previous criteria of empirical significance like falsifiability. I argue that his criterion renders almost any theory empirically significant because its restrictions on auxiliary assumptions are to weak. Even when the criterion is modified to avoid this trivialization, it fails to meet other conditions of adequacy for a criterion of empirical significance that follow from Sober's position. I suggest to define empirical significance as empirical non-equivalence to a tautology, because this definition does meet the conditions of adequacy. Specifically, it is equivalent to the standard Bayesian criterion of empirical significance whenever all probabilities are defined and contains falsifiability as a special case. This latter feature is important because those conditions of adequacy that apply to criteria of deductive empirical significance single out falsifiability
Diachlorini Lutz 1909
No full text3.1 Tribe Diachlorini Lutz, 1909b <p>Opisthanoplae Lutz, 1909a: 624, part.</p> <p> Diachlorinae Lutz, 1909b: 29. Type-genus: <i>Diachlorus</i> Osten Sacken, 1876.</p> <p> Lepidoselaginae Lutz, 1909b: 29. Type-genus: <i>Lepidoselaga</i> Agassiz, 1846 = <i>Lepiselaga</i> Macquart, 1838a.</p> <p> Selasominae Lutz, 1913: 486. Type-genus: <i>Selasoma</i> Macquart, 1838a.</p> <p> Psalidiini Enderlein, 1922: 344 (in key). Type-genus: <i>Psalidia</i> Enderlein, 1922.</p> <p> Dichelocerini Enderlein, 1922: 345 (in key, and key to genera). Type-genus: <i>Dichelacera</i> Macquart, 1838a.</p> <p> Acanthocerini Enderlein, 1922: 349 (in key, and key to genera). Type-genus: <i>Acanthocera</i> Macquart, 1834.</p> <p> Lepiselagini Enderlein, 1925: 261. Type-genus: <i>Lepiselaga</i> Macquart, 1838a.</p> <p> Hadrinae Lutz, 1922: 147. Type-genus: <i>Hadrus</i> Perty, 1833 = <i>Lepiselaga</i> Macquart, 1838a.</p> <p> Dicladocerini Enderlein, 1927: 234. Type-genus: <i>Dicladocera</i> Lutz, 1913.</p> <p> Stenotabaninae Kröber, 1929b: 101 (tax.); Kröber, 1930e: 110. Type-genus: <i>Stenotabanus</i> Lutz, 1913.</p> <p>Dichaelacerini Kröber, 1930e: 110.</p> <p>Lepiselaginae Kröber, 1930e: 110.</p> <p> Chlorotabanini Philip, 1941: 5. Type-genus: <i>Chlorotabanus</i> Lutz, 1913.</p> <p>Chlorotabaninae Brues, Melander & Carpenter, 1954: 329.</p> <p>Ciachlorini Philip & Fairchild, 1974: 985 cover of September issue, error.</p> <p>Lepidoselagini Trojan, 1994: 97.</p> <p>Bellardinae Fairchild, 1961: 235.</p> <p>Selasomatinae Sabrosky, 1999: 279, corrected spelling.</p> <p> <b>References.</b> Fairchild, 1969: 207 (com., tax.); Coscarón & Papavero, 1993: 21 (in key); Fairchild & Burger, 1994: 62 (cat.); Coscarón & Papavero, 2009a: 10–18 (man., in key); Coscarón & Papavero, 2009b: 54 (cat.).</p>Published as part of <i>González, Christian R., Elgueta, Mario, Krolow, Tiago K. & Henriques, Augusto L., 2022, Catalog of the horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of Chile, pp. 201-257 in Zootaxa 5091 (2)</i> on pages 227-228, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.2.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5843635">http://zenodo.org/record/5843635</a>
Eleutherodactylidae Lutz 1954
No full text<p> <b>Family Eleutherodactylidae Lutz, 1954 (1 species)</b></p> <p> Eleutherodactylinae Lutz, 1954: 157 (type genus <i>Eleutherodactylus</i> Duméril & Bibron, 1841).</p>Published as part of <i>Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y. & Lim, Kelvin K. P., 2023, Singapore's herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution, pp. 1-378 in Zootaxa 5287 (1)</i> on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7960319">http://zenodo.org/record/7960319</a>
Pseudoscione Lutz 1918
No full textGenus <i>Pseudoscione</i> Lutz, 1918: 167 <p> <i>Pseudoscione</i> Lutz, <i>in</i> Lutz, Araujo, & Fonseca Filho, 1918: 167 (Lutz <i>in</i> Lutz & Núñez-Tovar, 1928: 54). Type-species: <i>Diatomineura longipennis</i> Ricardo, 1902 (mon.).</p> <p> <i>Listriosca</i> Enderlein, 1922: 337 (in key). Type-species: <i>Pangonia australis</i> Philippi, in Cox 1863 (orig. des.).</p> <p> <i>Listraphella</i> Enderlein, 1929: 68. Type-species: <i>Listraphella schoenemanni</i> Enderlein, 1929 (orig. des.) = <i>Scaptia</i> (<i>Pseudoscione</i>) <i>dorsoguttata</i> (Macquart, 1850).</p> <p> <i>Lilaea</i> Walker; Kröber, 1930d: 212, 223–224, misident.</p> <p> <i>Lilaeina</i> Borgmeier <i>in</i> Kröber, 1934: 222 (cat.). Type-species: <i>Pangonia albifrons</i> Macquart, 1838a (orig. des.).</p> <p> <b>References.</b> Fairchild, 1951: 124 (com.); Barretto, 1960: 61 (list), 63 (in key); Fairchild, 1961: 243–244 (com., as subgenus of <i>Scaptia</i>); Wilkerson & Coscarón, 1984 (rev., as subgenus of <i>Scaptia</i>); Coscarón & Papavero, 1993: 18 (in key, as subgenus of <i>Scaptia</i>); Fairchild & Burger, 1994: 36 (cat., as subgenus of <i>Scaptia</i>); Coscarón, 1998: 349 (list, dist.); Coscarón & Papavero, 2009a: 9 (in key, as subgenus of <i>Scaptia</i>); Coscarón & Papavero, 2009b: 47 (cat., as subgenus of <i>Scaptia</i>); Lessard, 2014: 225–226 (rev., gen. sta.); Krolow <i>et al</i>., 2020: 416 (com.).</p>Published as part of <i>González, Christian R., Elgueta, Mario, Krolow, Tiago K. & Henriques, Augusto L., 2022, Catalog of the horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of Chile, pp. 201-257 in Zootaxa 5091 (2)</i> on pages 221-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.2.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5843635">http://zenodo.org/record/5843635</a>
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