1,721,024 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dynamique de polarisation des macrophages en réponse aux blessures et aux infections bactériennes chez le zebrafish
No full textLes macrophages sont une population de cellules très hétérogènes qui adoptent des phénotypes différents en fonction des signaux qu’ils reçoivent. Ce processus est appelé polarisation. Pendant des décennies, les macrophages ont été classés en sous-populations en réponse à des stimuli spécifiques in vitro: les macrophages M1 sont pro-inflammatoires et bactéricides, tandis que les macrophages M2 sont anti-inflammatoires et impliqués dans la réparation tissulaire. Cependant, in vivo, les macrophages représentent un continuum d'états de polarisation. Les mécanismes permettant aux macrophages d’acquérir leur plasticité in vivo et les molécules impliquées dans ce processus sont encore largement méconnus.Mon projet de thèse vise à élucider les mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la polarisation des macrophages au cours de l’inflammation induite par une blessure et au cours des infections à Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Pour cela, j’utilise la larve de zebrafish qui est un modèle de choix pour aborder le comportement et la polarisation des macrophages in vivo grâce à sa transparence et à sa génétique. Au cours de ma thèse, nous avons suivi la polarisation des macrophages de type M1-like après une blessure du repli médian (future nageoire caudale) en utilisant une microscopie à haute résolution et des lignées transgéniques rapportrices. Grâce à ce système, nous avons défini les acteurs moléculaires impliqués dans l'activation des macrophages de type M1-like immédiatement après la blessure et montré que les signaux précoces émis par la blessure, les espèces oxygénées réactives et le calcium jouent un rôle important dans ce processus.En utilisant différentes stratégies pour suivre les macrophages individuels, nous avons démontré que les macrophages sont recrutés comme une seule vague au niveau de la blessure et subissent une série de changements de morphologie et de comportement au cours du processus de réparation des tissus, suggérant que ces changements correspondent à une conversion phénotypique de type M1 vers un phénotype de type M2. Nous avons en outre constaté qu'une voie métabolique des lipides contrôle cette conversion.Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) est considérée comme l’une des principales causes d’intoxication alimentaire chez l’homme. Cette bactérie intracellulaire, réside principalement dans les macrophages et il a été proposé qu'elle exploite la polarisation M1/M2 afin de survivre et se répliquer dans l’hôte. Pour étudier la dynamique de la polarisation des macrophages dans un contexte infectieux in vivo, nous avons mis en place un modèle d'infection à S. Typhimurium chez les larves de zebrafish. Nous avons décrit l'interaction à long terme entre différents états de polarisation des macrophages avec S. Typhimurium, lors de l'infection persistante dans le cerveau de zebrafish. Enfin, nous avons développé une nouvelle lignée rapportrice transgénique marquant les macrophages non inflammatoires. Bien que d'autres validations soient nécessaires pour établir si cette lignée rapportrice est un outil prometteur pour visualiser les macrophages M2, nos données suggèrent que dans les stades tardifs de l'infection, S. Typhimurium réside préférentiellement dans les macrophages de type M2. Les découvertes obtenues dans le cadre de ma thèse devraient apporter de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques pour réorienter les réponses macrophagiques dans des situations pathologiques.Macrophages are remarkably heterogeneous and plastic cells which adapt to their changing environment by acquiring different phenotypes in response to local cues by a process called polarization. For decades, they have been classified into subpopulations in response to specific stimuli in vitro: M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory and bactericidal, while M2 macrophages are anti-inflammatory and involved in tissue repair. However, in vivo macrophages represent a much larger array of polarization states. How macrophages acquire their plasticity in living animals and what is the molecular basis of this process are still poorly understood.Combining powerful genetics and optical clarity, the zebrafish larva is emerging as a robust model system to study leukocyte biology. Here I used zebrafish larvae to study macrophage polarization dynamics in vivo and to dissect molecular actors that control phenotype switch during wound healing and subsequent repair. During my PhD project, we followed macrophage M1-like polarization after caudal fin fold injury in real time using high resolution microscopy and transgenic zebrafish reporter lines. Thanks to this system, we defined the molecular actors enrolled in macrophage M1-like activation after injury and showed that early wound signals, reactive oxygen species and calcium play an important in driving this activation state in a neutrophil independent manner.Using different strategies to track individual macrophages, we demonstrated that macrophages are recruited as a single wave to the wound and undergo series of morphology and behavior changes during repair, suggesting that these changes correspond to a phenotypic switch from M1-like towards M2-like phenotype. We further found that a lipid metabolic pathway controls this switch.Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is considered to be one of the leading causes of food poisoning in humans. This intracellular bacteria resides mainly in macrophages and is thought to exploit M1/M2 polarization to survive and replicate inside the host. To study the dynamics of macrophage polarization in an infection context, we set up a S. Typhimurium infection model in the zebrafish larvae. We described the long-term interaction between different macrophage polarization states with S. Typhimurium, during the persistent infection of zebrafish brain. Finally, we have developed a novel transgenic reporter line labelling non-inflammatory macrophages. Although further validations are necessary to test whether this reporter line is promising to visualize M2-like phenotypes, our data suggest that in later stages of infection S. Typhimurium resides preferentially in M2-like macrophages. The discoveries obtained within the framework of my thesis are bringing new information about macrophage polarization dynamics in living vertebrates and unravel new mechanisms orchestrating phenotype switch
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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