1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
LAPAROSCOPIA PER DIVERTICOLITE HINCHEY II “NON RESPONDER”: SIGMOIDECTOMIA O LAVAGGIO PERITONEALE?
No full textObiettivi: In letteratura, non esiste un chiaro consenso riguardo al ruolo del lavaggio e drenaggio laparoscopico (LDL) rispetto alla sigmoidectomia laparoscopica (SL) nelle diverticoliti acute complicate di grado II Hinchey “non responder” al trattamento conservativo in quanto non drenabili per via percutanea nè controllabili con sola terapia antibiotica. Lo scopo di questo studio è confrontare i pazienti sottoposti a queste due procedure chirurgiche ed analizzare i risultati postoperatori.
Materiali e metodi: Abbiamo considerato nel periodo 2013-2016, 9 pazienti (Gruppo A) sottoposti a SL e 7 pazienti (Gruppo B) a LDL per diverticolite acuta di grado Hinchey II “non responder”.I seguenti parametri sono stati analizzati e comparati: età media, BMI, Mannheim Peritonitis Index (MPI), ASA Score, tempo medio operatorio, durata media della degenza post-operatoria, morbilità, tasso di re-intervento e mortalità. Il t-test di Student e il test corretto di Fisher sono stati utilizzati per l’analisi statistica. Il p <0,05 è stato considerato signi"cativo.
Risultati: Il gruppo A e il gruppo B non sono risultati significativamente differenti per età media (62 vs 60 anni; p =
0.80), BMI (25,82 vs 28,86 kg/m2; p = 0.31), MPI (9,66 vs 14,00; p = 0.26) ed ASA score (2,37 vs 2; p = 0.60). Anche il tasso di complicanze (11% vs 57%; p = 0.10), il tasso di re-intervento (0 vs 28%; p = 0,18) e la durata media della degenza post-operatoria (8 vs 13 gg, p = 0.09) non sono risultati signi"cativamente dissimili tra i due gruppi. In effetti, 2 pazienti inizialmente sottoposti a LDL hanno successivamente necessitato di SL per insuf"ciente
controllo dell’infezione. Il tempo operatorio medio è risultato signi"cativamente più lungo nel gruppo A (195 min vs 64 min; p < 0.05). Nessun decesso è stato identi"cato nei due gruppi.
Conclusioni: Sebbene retrospettivo e con una popolazione limitata, questo studio dimostra che l’ LDL può avere un ruolo nel trattamento delle diverticoliti acute di grado II Hinchey “non responder”. Questa procedura, in casi selezionati, può rappresentare un opzione ef"cace e sicura nel trattamento dell’infezione addominale diverticolare. L’eventuale insuccesso del LDL non pregiudica la possibilità di ricorrere successivamente ad
un intervento resettivo
DOES NEGATIVE PRESSURE WOUND THERAPY (NPWT) FOR TEMPORARY ABDOMINAL CLOSURE REALLY GIVE BETTER RESULTS?
No full textIntroduction: The success of primary fascial closure following TAC is lower in septic patients compared to non-septic patients1. Aim of the study is to analyze whether the outcome of laparostomy could be influenced by the type of TAC adopted Material and methods: We reviewed 271 patients undergone TAC during 2001-2015. Two groups were identified: Group A, 143 patients (52,7%) who had NPWT device and Group B, 128 patients (47,3%) who did not receive NPWT. Both of these groups were divided into
two subgroups based on Septic/Non-septic causes. Main outocomes were mean age, mean length of open abdomen (LOA), definitive closure rate (DCR), and mortality. Results: Overall, between groupAand B, age (p = 0,668),mean LOA (p= 0,080), DCR (p = 0,147) and mortality (p = 0,824) resulted not significant. In GroupA 103 patients (72%) were treated for septic causes and 40 (28%) for non septic conditions; for each subgroup no significant differenceswere found in terms ofmean age (p = 0,319), mean LOA (p = 0,697), DCR (p = 0,227) and mortality (p = 0,357). In Group B, 93 patients (72,6%) had septic diseases and 35 (27,4%) non septic conditions: there was no significant difference about mean age (p = 0,552), mean LOA (p = 0,680), DCR (p = 0,827) and mortality (p = 0,677). Conclusion: This study did not show any impact of NPWT on the outcome of patients undergone open abdomen either for septic and non-septic conditions. However, the length of open abdomen in these patients was relatively short and this may have limited the potential benefits of NPWT.
References: 1. A. Bruhin, F. Ferreira, M. Chariker, J. Smith, N. Runkel. Systematic review and evidence based recommendations for the use of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in the open abdomen. Int J Surg. 2014 Oct;12(10):1105-14
Disclosure: No significant relationships
NEGATIVE PRESSURE WOUND THERAPY NELL’ OPEN ABDOMEN PER CAUSE NON-SETTICHE: UNO STUDIO RETROSPETTIVO SU 75 PAZIENTI
No full textObiettivi: L’open abdomen (OA) rappresenta una valida opzione
chirurgica nel trattamento di un ampio spettro di condizioni settiche
e non settiche. In letteratura, emerge che il tasso di successo della
procedura di Temporary Abdominal Closure (TAC) nei pazienti non
settici, dipende dal tipo di metodica adottata. Lo scopo di questo
studio è valutare se i sistemi di chiusura della ferita a pressione
negativa (NPWT) inuenzano l’outcome dei pazienti trattati con OA
per cause non settiche.
Materiali e metodi: Abbiamo analizzato in maniera retrospettiva
75 pazienti trattati con OA per cause non settiche (Abdominal
Compartment Syndrome, trauma ed ischemia intestinale) tra il
2001 e il 2015. In 40 pazienti (53%) la TAC è stata eseguita con
sistema NPWT (Gruppo A); in 35 (47%) con sistemi non a pressione
negativa (Gruppo B). Abbiamo analizzato e comparato i seguenti
parametri: durata media della TAC, tasso di chiusura de!nitiva
della laparostomia e mortalità. Il t-test di Student e il test corretto
di Fisher sono stati utilizzati per l’analisi statistica. Il valore di p <
0.05 è stato considerato signi!cativo.
Risultati: In totale, la durata media della TAC è di 2,46 giorni, il
tasso di chiusura de!nitivo 75% e la mortalità pari al 44%. Tra il
gruppo A e il Gruppo B, la durata media dell’OA è risultata 2.42 vs
4.82 giorni (p = 0,09), il tasso di chiusura de!nitivo 85% vs 65% (p
= 0.06) e la mortalità 40% vs 48.6% (p=0.49).
Conclusioni: Questo studio, seppur limitato dal confronto tra
differenti “periodi storici”, dimostra la superiorità, anche se non
signi!cativa, della TAC NPWT rispetto a quella non-NPWT in
termini di durata media dell’OA, del tasso di chiusura de!nitivo e
della mortalità nei pazienti sottoposti a OA per cause non settiche.
È verosimile che un ampliamento del campione analizzato possa
fornire una conferma signi!cativa ai dati riportati
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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