290 research outputs found
Safety and efficacy of baclofen in the treatment of alcohol-dependent patients.
No full textPreclinical studies show that antagonism of the GABA(B) receptor may represent an effective neuropharmacological approach to treat alcohol dependence. Consistent with preclinical evidence, the majority of the human studies have demonstrated that the prototype GABA(B) receptor antagonist baclofen may represent an effective mediation to treat alcohol-dependent individuals. Specifically, baclofen has shown to reduce alcohol withdrawal symptoms, as well as to reduce alcohol craving and intake, and to promote alcohol abstinence. Notably, baclofen has shown a safe profile when administered to alcoholics, including those with liver cirrhosis. In summary, baclofen represents a safe and effective medication to treat alcohol dependence, thus holding promise as a new pharmacotherapy. However, large studies are needed to confirm the present findings
Effectiveness and safety of baclofen in the treatment of alcohol dependent patients
No full textBoth preclinical and clinical research studies have shown the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen represents a promising treatment for alcohol dependence. Preliminary clinical studies indicate that baclofen is able to suppress withdrawal symptoms in alcohol-dependent patients affected by the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Moreover, baclofen has shown efficacy and safety in promoting alcohol abstinence in alcohol dependent patients in two placebo-controlled trials including one in alcohol-dependent patients with liver cirrhosis. These trials also demonstrated that baclofen was associated with reductions in withdrawal-related anxiety and alcohol craving. However, more work is needed to clearly demonstrate the efficacy of baclofen and to ascertain whether efficacy is limited to certain subtypes of alcoholic patients. For example, a recent US trial failed to demonstrate a robust effect of baclofen in treating alcohol-dependent patients though the relative moderate severity of alcohol-dependence in that trial has been suggested as one factor that may have contributed to the finding. In the present review, the authors will summarize the published clinical studies on the role of baclofen in alcohol dependence and will also present some unpublished secondary analyses. Finally, the authors will discuss possible future directions to further investigate the role of baclofen in alcohol dependence (e.g., baclofen's biobehavioral mechanisms, different baclofen doses, differences in severity and in alcoholic subtypes, different formulations of baclofen, possible combination of baclofen with other medications)
Baclofen for the treatment of alcohol use disorder
No full textAbstract Baclofen is the only GABA type-B (GABAB) receptor agonist available for use in clinical practice; it has been approved worldwide for the treatment of spasticity for more than 50 years. After the promising results of preclinical studies suggesting a potential role of baclofen in the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD), several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been conducted to evaluate its safety, tolerability, and efficacy in people with AUD. While the results of
these RCTs are contrasting, the off-label use of baclofen in the treatment of AUD has spread, especially in some European countries and in specific settings (e.g., in liver settings). Globally, these efforts have led to the approval of baclofen for AUD in France. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses confirm its efficacy in helping people with AUD to abstain from alcohol, especially those with liver disease or high
levels of anxiety. However, the lack of large RCTs limits the conclusions that may be drawn on the potential effecti
Roma, aprile 1804
No full textNel breve racconto in forma di diario ho deciso di far incontrare il protagonista, un personaggio di fantasia, con Jean-Baptiste Seroux d’Agincourt (1730-1814).
La menzione degli oggetti nella casa di Seroux d’Agincourt è tratta dalla Descrizione de Beni Ereditari della bo: Mem. Sig. Cavaliere Gio: Batta, Luigi, Giorgio Seroux d’Agincourt [Roma, Archivio di Stato, Trenta notai capitolini, Ufficio 9, vol. 950, ff. 369r-374v, 389r-391r] del 1814.
Le parole che descrivono lo stato d’animo del protagonista a Roma, che si sente inondato di luce come se una dracma si fosse poggiata sulla sua retina, sono liberamente ispirate a una poesia di Iosif Brodskij.
Le notizie sui monumenti, sulle opere d’arte e sui manoscritti miniati derivano da J.-B. Seroux d’Agincourt, Histoire de l’Art par les monumens depuis sa décadence au IVe siècle jusqu’à son renouvellement au XVIe, I-VI, Paris 1823.
Gli atti blasfemi imputati al libraio Giuseppe Nave sono descritti nelle carte del processo al Nave [Roma, Archivio di Stato, Giunta di Stato (1799-1800), b. 2, fasc. 31].
Le parole pronunciate prima dei saluti finali dal protagonista, parole che Seroux d’Agincourt associa alla figura del prefetto della biblioteca di San Marco a Venezia, sono scritte proprio da quest’ultimo e possono leggersi nel codice della Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. lat. 9054, ff. 219r-220v, in part. f. 220r (Lettera di Jacopo Morelli a Gaetano Marini, da Venezia 30 settembre 1811; Marini sta a Parigi e riceve questa lettera tramite Aubin-Louis Millin).
Tutti i personaggi, tranne il viaggiatore che scrive, sono realmente esistiti
New Challenges in Addiction Medicine: COVID-19 Infection in Patients with Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders – The Perfect Storm
No full textLetter to edito
Seta e diplomazia al tempo di Michele VIII Paleologo: dal pallio di san Lorenzo al perduto ricamo per il papa Gregorio X
No full text
The influence of anxiety symptoms on clinical outcomes during baclofen treatment of alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textGiven the high coexistence of anxiety symptoms in people with alcohol use disorder (AUD), we aimed to determine the influence of anxiety symptoms on outcomes in patients with AUD treated with the GABA
B receptor agonist baclofen. A meta-analysis of 13 comparisons (published 2010–2020) including baseline and outcome data on alcohol consumption and anxiety after 12 weeks was undertaken. There were significantly higher rates of abstinent days in patients treated with baclofen compared to placebo (p = 0.004; high certainty evidence); specifically in those with higher baseline anxiety levels (p < 0.00001; high certainty evidence) compared to those with lower baseline anxiety levels (p = 0.20; moderate certainty evidence). The change in anxiety ratings over 12 weeks did not differ between those treated with baclofen or placebo (p = 0.84; moderate certainty evidence). This may be due to different anxiety constructs being measured by scales not validated in this patient group, or that anxiety is not a biobehavioral mechanism by which baclofen may reduce alcohol drinking. Given the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in AUD all these factors warrant further research.
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