1,720,961 research outputs found
Reuse of treated municipal wastewater for irrigation in apulia region: The “IN.TE.R.R.A.” project
No full textThe use of non-conventional water resources including treated municipal wastewater has been increasing in the Mediterranean regions over the last decades to cope with water shortages and uneven rainfalls due to climate change. The aim of this paper is to present the first results from two years of experimental field activities carried out in two different demo-places in Southern Italy: the municipal wastewater treatment plants of Noci and Castellana Grotte (Apulia region). In these sites different vegetable crops (cucumber, lettuce, melon, endive in Noci and fennel, lettuce, fennel in Castellana Grotte) were grown in succession and irrigated in parallel with treated wastewater and conventional water pumped from wells, for comparing the effects of the different water sources on soil and vegetables. Reclaimed water quality was monitored for chemical and microbial parameters and compared with conventional water. At harvesting time, microbial indicators were measured on edible part of crops and in soil. Results show that the effluents produced by a full scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment plant (Noci) comply with the stringent Italian standards for reuse in agriculture, and its microbiological quality is higher than the conventional well water. In Castellana Grotte the effluent quality of the two pilot plants was different according to the adopted technologies (MBR and tertiary cloth filtration), and sometimes depended on the quality of incoming wastewater. As for the agronomic results, in both sites crop yields were higher in the plots irrigated with treated wastewater, and the microbial indicators Escherichia coli and Salmonella were never found, at harvesting time, on edible parts of crops and in the soil
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Qualità delle acque per uso irriguo. Impiego di acque salmastre e reflui urbani depurati
No full textQualità delle acque per uso irriguo. Impiego di acque salmastre e ·reflui urbani depurat
Effect of irrigation with different municipal wastewaters on ripening indexes and chemical components of nectarine fruits
No full textAbstract
Municipal wastewaters reuse can lead to an important benefit linked to improve
water resources and to preserve water quality, so reducing the environmental impacts.
In many parts of the world the reuse of municipal wastewaters in agriculture has
become a very common practice. One of the many benefits of the reuse is the possibility
to utilize the wastewater chemical components as nutrients. The main goals of this work
have been to evaluate the effects of these components on the ripening indexes and on
the chemical profile of the nectarine fruits irrigated with three different municipal
wastewaters compared with conventional water, during 2012. The wastewater irrigation
did not affect yield components, but influenced ripening indexes and fruits chemical
components. The results suggested that the treated wastewaters can be used not only as
a valid alternative for irrigation but can be considered as a valid input of fertilization
in order to increase its efficiency and to minimize the agricultural environmental
impact
Reuse of treated municipal wastewater for globe artichoke irrigation: Assessment of effects on morpho-quantitative parameters andmicrobial safety of yield
No full textThis study was performed over two growing seasons to evaluate the effects of three irrigation sources on the morpho-productive
and microbiological parameters of globe artichoke yields: secondary wastewater (SWW), tertiary wastewater (TWW), and fresh water (FW, control). Escherichia coli, faecal enterococci and Salmonella spp. were monitored in the irrigation waters, the artichoke plants
and heads, and the root-zone soil. Bacteriological analysis for total heterotrophic counts were determined for plants, fruit and soil. The irrigation waters were sampled, throughout the irrigation period of the crop, to characterise their physico-chemical properties. The chemical parameters of the SWW (i.e., TSS, BOD5 and COD) were significantly higher compared with those of the FW and TWW. The SWW and TWW significantly affected total marketable heads as number and weight per hectare, with higher yields than for the FW. Total marketable heads (as main, secondary, processing heads) were significantly higher in terms of weight per hectare for the SWW and TWW than for the FW (25%, 16% increases, respectively), as was the main head production for marketable weight (57%, 33% increases, respectively). The microbial qualities of the SWW and TWW were significantly different, with the SWW characterised by higher levels of E. coli and faecal coliforms, while frequently positive for Salmonella spp. Nevertheless, the microbial safety of the artichoke yield was not affected. The reduction in all of the faecal indicators from water to soil and from soil to plant can be explained by the irrigation system, which avoids direct contact of water with plant and aerosol dispersion; by the relatively rapid die-off of faecal bacteria in the soil; and a possible barrier effect of the rhizosphere environment. These data show that if municipal wastewaters are adequately treated, they can be used for irrigation. Thus, they represent a valid alternative to conventional water resources for irrigation of artichoke crops
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
