1,721,032 research outputs found
Minimal surgery for a cerebellopontine angle lipoma
No full textA 46-year-old man presented with a left cerebellopontine angle lipoma of unusual size. The patient also complained of hearing loss and left trigeminal neuralgia, which were triggered on the same side as the lesion in the resting posture. Surgical treatment with simple debridement of the arachnoid membranes to reduce internal tension in the tumour resulted in stable pain remission and hypoacusia without additional deficit
Neuroendoscopic aspiration of tumors in the posterior third ventricle and aqueduct lumen: a technical update
No full textAmaurosis in infancy due to craniopharyngioma: a not-exceptional but often misdiagnosed symptom
No full textSince children may not be able to complain of progressive reduction in optic acuity, visual assessment in infancy may present practical difficulties. The authors report a case of craniopharyngioma, which led a young child to early blindness before the correct diagnosis could be made. Similar to other reported cases, the authors found that surgery did not substantially modify the preoperative visual deficit. They conclude that minimal improvement in visual acuity can be expected despite successful microsurgical removal of the tumor
Where the central canal begins: endoscopic in vivo description
No full textObjective: Although evidence and descriptions of the central canal (CC) along the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord have been provided by several anatomical and radiological studies, a clear picture and assessment of the opening of the CC, or apertura canalis centralis (ACC), into the fourth ventricle is lacking, due to its submillimetric size and hidden position in the calamus scriptorius.
Methods: The authors reviewed all of their cases in which patients underwent ventricular transaqueductal flexible endoscopic procedures and selected 44 cases in which an inspection of the region of the calamus scriptorius had been performed and was suitable for study inclusion. Patients were divided into different groups, based on the presence or absence of a chronic pathological process involving the fourth ventricle. In each case, the visual appearance of the opening of the CC of the ACC was classified as no evidence (A0), indirect evidence (A1), or clear evidence (A2). Morphometric measurements were inferred from surrounding structures and the size of surgical tools visible in the field.
Results: The opening of the CC could be clearly observed in all cases (A1 4.5%, A2 95.5%). In normal cases, a lanceolate shape along the median sulcus was most frequently found, with an average size of 600 × 250 μm that became rounded and smaller in size in cases of hydrocephalus. The distance between the caudal margin of the ACC and the obex was about 1.8 mm in normal cases, 2.1 mm in cases of obstructive hydrocephalus, and 1 mm in cases of normal pressure hydrocephalus. The two wings of the area postrema, variable in size and shape, were sited just caudal to the opening.
Conclusions: A flexible scope inserted through the cerebral aqueduct can approach the hidden calamus scriptorius like a pen fits into an inkpot. With this privileged viewpoint, the authors provide for the first time, to their knowledge, a clear and novel vision of the opening of the CC in the fourth ventricle, along with the precise location of this tiny structure compared to other anatomical landmarks in the inferior triangle
Pseudotumor cerebri in pediatric age: role of obesity in the management of neurological impairments
No full textPseudotumor cerebri occurs quite rarely in the pediatric population and its clinical features differ from adults in many ways. Intracranial hypertension with papilledema should obviously be treated promptly to avoid permanent visual damage, but various more or less invasive options have been proposed over the years, from bariatric surgery for obesity to optic nerve sheath fenestration. We report a prospective study on a group of 15 children, aged 3-16 years, with clinical and instrumental diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri. All the patients were treated simply by external lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage with a mean volume of 10 ml/h for 3-5 days, with hypocaloric diet and with appropriate dosages of acetazolamide. All had immediate relief of headache, a considerable reduction in papilledema and marked improvement of both visual loss and cranial nerve palsies within 2 months. None of the patients relapsed during the follow-up period, ranging from 12-48 months
Primary obstruction of the fourth ventricle outlets: neuroendoscopic approach and anatomic description
No full textOBJECTIVE: Primary obstruction of the foramina of Magendie and Luschka is an uncommon and still unclear cause of noncommunicating hydrocephalus. The aim of this work is the description, for the first time, of the inner aspect of these velar obstructions of the fourth ventricle outlets and the demonstration of the efficacy of neuroendoscopic treatment. METHODS: Of 240 hydrocephalic patients treated in our institution with endoscopic third ventriculostomy, a subgroup of 10 cases with closure of the fourth ventricular outlets without associated Chiari malformation and syringomyelia was selected. In all of these cases, a transaqueductal endoscopic navigation of the fourth ventricle was performed, and the obstructed outlets were inspected. All of the clinical data and, in particular, the videotape records of endoscopic operations, as well as the cine-magnetic resonance imaging scans, were reviewed to evaluate their patency status. RESULTS: Various degrees of stenosis were found endoscopically: restriction of the Magendie contour with thick and opaque membrane, transparent spider web-like membrane, and dense membrane with fissures acting as valves. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy was effective in almost all patients, although we noticed an unforeseen high incidence of closure of the stoma. The restored normal cerebrospinal fluid flux after ventriculocisternostomy and magendieplasty was demonstrated by comparative Study of cerebrospinal fluid flow measurements by cine-magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSION: This report demonstrates the effectiveness of neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy as well as magendiestomy in cases of tetraventricular hydrocephalus attributable to primary obstruction of the Outlets of the fourth ventricle and, for the first time, presents direct images of various types of outlet obstructive pathology
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in previously shunted children: a retrospective study. Reply to Professor Viroj Wiwanitkit MD, Wiwanitkit House, Bangkhae, Bangkok, Thailand
No full textEndoscopic third ventriculostomy in previously shunted children: a retrospective study. Reply to Professor Viroj Wiwanitkit MD, Wiwanitkit House, Bangkhae, Bangkok, Thailand
No full textOrbital head pain elicited by neuroendoscopy of the third ventricle performed under local anesthesia
No full textEndoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETVS) is considered a minimally invasive procedure for blocked hydrocephalus. In 24 cases, this procedure was carried out in awake patients under local anesthesia. All patients reported abrupt orbital pain when the third ventricle floor was manipulated. Although recent advancements in knowledge of some forms of migraine and cluster headache could be regarded as a good basis for interpreting the pain triggered by ETVS, other hypotheses should also be taken into consideration
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