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Antibiotic treatment of Crohn's disease:results of a multicentre double blind randomized placebo controlled trial with Rifamixin
No full text1. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Apr 15;23(8):1117-25.
Antibiotic treatment of Crohn's disease: results of a multicentre, double blind,
randomized, placebo-controlled trial with rifaximin.
Prantera C, Lochs H, Campieri M, Scribano ML, Sturniolo GC, Castiglione F,
Cottone M.
Operative Unit of Gastroenterology, St Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy.
[email protected]
BACKGROUND: Clinicians often employ antibiotics in Crohn's disease. Rifaximin is
active against bacteria frequently found in the intestinal mucosa of Crohn's
disease patients.
AIM: To evaluate the difference in efficacy between once and twice/daily oral
administration of rifaximin and placebo in the treatment of active Crohn's
disease.
METHODS: We enrolled 83 patients with mild-to-moderate Crohn's disease and
randomized to three treatments for 12 weeks: Group A (rifaximin 800 mg o.d. +
placebo), Group B (rifaximin 800 mg b.d.) and Group C (placebo b.d.).
RESULTS: Clinical remission was achieved by 52% of Group B, 32% (A) and 33% (C).
Clinical response was seen in 67% (B), 48% (A) and 41% (C), without reaching a
statistically significant difference. Treatment failures were: 4% (B), 12% (A)
and 33% (C), (P = 0.010). Remission and response rates of rifaximin 800 mg b.d.
were significantly higher than those of placebo and rifaximin 800 mg o.d. in
patients with elevated C reactive protein values (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Rifaximin 800 mg b.d. was superior to placebo in inducing clinical
remission of active Crohn's disease. Although this difference was not
statistically significant, the number of the failures in the placebo group was
significantly higher than those who received rifaximin 800 mg b.d.
PMID: 16611272 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
Rifaximin-Extended Intestinal Release Induces Remission in Patients With Moderately Active Crohn’s Disease
No full textBACKGROUND & AIMS: Bacteria might be involved in
the development and persistence of inflammation in patients
with Crohn’s disease (CD), and antibiotics could be
used in therapy. We performed a clinical phase 2 trial to
determine whether a gastroresistant formulation of rifaximin
(extended intestinal release [EIR]) induced remission in
patients with moderately active CD. METHODS: We performed
a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial of the
efficacy and safety of 400, 800, and 1200 mg rifaximin-EIR,
given twice daily to 402 patients with moderately active CD
for 12 weeks. Data from patients given rifaximin-EIR were
compared with those from individuals given placebo, and
collected during a 12-week follow-up period. The primary
end point was remission (Crohn’s Disease Activity Index
150) at the end of the treatment period. RESULTS: At the
end of the 12-week treatment period, 62% of patients who
received the 800-mg dosage of rifaximin-EIR (61 of 98) were
in remission, compared with 43% of patients who received
placebo (43 of 101) (P .005). A difference was maintained
throughout the 12-week follow-up period (45% [40 of 89] vs
29% [28 of 98]; P .02). Remission was achieved by 54% (56
of 104) and 47% (47 of 99) of the patients given the 400-mg
and 1200-mg dosages of rifaximin-EIR, respectively; these
rates did not differ from those of placebo. Patients given the
400-mg and 800-mg dosages of rifaximin-EIR had low rates
of withdrawal from the study because of adverse events; rates
were significantly higher among patients given the 1200-mg
dosage (16% [16 of 99]). CONCLUSIONS: Administration
of 800 mg rifaximin-EIR twice daily for 12 weeks induced
remission with few adverse events in patients with moderately
active C
Increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and regulation by interleukin 10 during intestinal inflammation
No full textBackground- Concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines are increased in the intestinal mucosa of patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) are the most abundant cell type in intestinal lesions in IBD. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an important contra-inflammatory cytokine which induces downregulation of pro- inflammatory cytokines. Aims- To investigate whether PMN from patients with IBD or infectious colitis, respectively, secrete increased amounts of pro- inflammatory cytokines and can be regulated by IL-10. Methods- Secretion (ELISA) as well as corresponding mRNA levels (semiquantitative RT-PCR) of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and of IL-1 receptor antagonist were assessed in peripheral PMN. Results- PMN from patients with IBD are primed to secrete enhanced amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines accompanied by detection of corresponding mRNAs in comparison with normal controls. This finding is not specific for IBD but rather reflects intestinal inflammation in general. IL-10 markedly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion as well as corresponding mRNA concentrations. Conclusions- PMN are an important source of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with intestinal inflammation and can be downregulated by IL-10
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Rifaximin-extended intestinal release induces remission in patients with moderately active Crohn's disease.
No full textBACKGROUND & AIMS: Bacteria might be involved in the development and persistence of inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), and antibiotics could be used in therapy. We performed a clinical phase 2 trial to determine whether a gastroresistant formulation of rifaximin (extended intestinal release [EIR]) induced remission in patients with moderately active CD. METHODS: We performed a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial of the efficacy and safety of 400, 800, and 1200 mg rifaximin-EIR, given twice daily to 402 patients with moderately active CD for 12 weeks. Data from patients given rifaximin-EIR were compared with those from individuals given placebo, and collected during a 12-week follow-up period. The primary end point was remission (Crohn's Disease Activity Index < 150) at the end of the treatment period. RESULTS: At the end of the 12-week treatment period, 62% of patients who received the 800-mg dosage of rifaximin-EIR (61 of 98) were in remission, compared with 43% of patients who received placebo (43 of 101) (P = .005). A difference was maintained throughout the 12-week follow-up period (45% [40 of 89] vs 29% [28 of 98]; P = .02). Remission was achieved by 54% (56 of 104) and 47% (47 of 99) of the patients given the 400-mg and 1200-mg dosages of rifaximin-EIR, respectively; these rates did not differ from those of placebo. Patients given the 400-mg and 800-mg dosages of rifaximin-EIR had low rates of withdrawal from the study because of adverse events; rates were significantly higher among patients given the 1200-mg dosage (16% [16 of 99]). CONCLUSIONS: Administration of 800 mg rifaximin-EIR twice daily for 12 weeks induced remission with few adverse events in patients with moderately active CD
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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