1,720,992 research outputs found
Droit et désinformation sanitaire : réponses juridiques et défis en Europe et en Italie
No full textCet article aborde l’impact de la désinformation en ligne sur la démocratie et la santé publique, soulignant que
l’article 21 de la Constitution italienne protège non seulement la liberté d’expression, mais aussi le droit des
citoyens à une information plurielle. Les algorithmes des plateformes numériques, en renforçant les biais des
utilisateurs, favorisent la diffusion de fausses informations, notamment sur la santé. Cela a des conséquences
sur la santé publique, exacerbant l’hésitation vaccinale. L’Union européenne a mis en place des stratégies telles
que le Code de bonnes pratiques de 2018 et le Digital Services Act de 2022 pour imposer des obligations de
transparence et de responsabilité aux grandes plateformes
Integrated simulations of Mars flights on the ISS
No full textThe human quest towards the exploration of the solar system and beyond will likely continue to grow in the next few decades. Many scientific and technological challenges still need to be approached and solved to enable long deep space human exploration. Once answers to these challenges are available, they will be integrated in the flight plans as ad hoc operational strategies.
For the solution of specific scientific and technological problems, experiments using ground analogues may provide optimal responses; however, only the International Space Station (ISS) can play the role of integrated analogue, where the impact of micro-gravity, radiation, living and psychological conditions that astronauts will face during a deep space cruise, can be mimicked at the same time, in part or in whole.
Today the ISS is a unique technological and scientific platform that enables researchers from all over the world to work on innovative experiments that could not be performed anywhere else. However, it is conceivable to use the deep space analogue features of the ISS to perform integrated tests of those operational strategies needed to allow for deep space voyages, towards a potential final integrated in-space test of the entire voyage to Mars, with a fidelity as high as achievable. This utilization strategy for the ISS would help focusing research and technology on open questions for deep space exploration, also enabling further tests of the journey to Mars using other advanced platforms that will be available on Moon orbit or surface in the near future. It will also provide the ISS with the rank of “springboard” towards deep space for the general public, increasing the awareness for human space exploration. In this paper we present the ISS4Mars idea, underlining its major goals and challenges
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Direct detection and quantification of molecular surface contaminants by infrared and Raman spectroscopy
No full textDetection and identification of surface molecular contamination is important for improving process and product yields in a wide range of industrial applications. In particular, molecular compounds can easily deposit on the surface of hardware, optical components, semiconductor devices, medical devices, etc. with the risk of impairing their functionality. In this work, qualitative and quantitative metrological methodologies for surface molecular contamination detection based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy are presented. The specificity of detection of two ubiquitous industrial contaminants i.e. poly(methylphenylsiloxane) and paraffin oil by infrared and Raman fingerprints is first demonstrated. Moreover, in order to obtain homogeneously contaminated surfaces that can be used as standard materials for Raman calibration, films of different thicknesses of contaminants were prepared on calcium fluoride windows, within a contamination range of 70-900 ng cm-2, by a spin coating method. The amount of contaminants spread on the surface was quantified by applying a pre-set FT-IR calibration curve in accordance with the European Cooperation for Space Standardization procedure (ECSS-Q-ST-70-05C) and it was subsequently used to calibrate the Raman equipment which demonstrated a sensitivity up to 10-8 g cm-2. A real case study of industrial contaminated surfaces i.e. a glass lens for a laser cutting machine is also presented to assess the applicability of both techniques in molecular contamination monitoring. In the discussed case Raman analysis turned out to be particularly useful for punctual investigation of the surface, especially when the sample is not transparent to the infrared radiatio
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR PERSONAL RADIATION SHIELDING IN SPACE
No full textPersonal radiation shielding is likely to play an important role in the strategy for radiation protection of future manned interplanetary missions. There is potential for the successful adoption of wearable shielding devices, readily available in case of accidental exposures or used for emergency operations in low-shielded areas of the habitat, particularly in case of solar particle events (SPEs). Based on optimization of available resources, conceptual models for radiation protection spacesuits have been proposed, with elements made of different materials, and the first prototype of a water-fillable garment was designed and manufactured in the framework of the PERSEO project, funded by the Italian Space Agency, leading to the successful test of such prototype for ease of use and wearability on-board the International Space Station. We present results of Monte Carlo calculations offering a proof-of-principle validation of the shielding efficacy of such prototype in different SPE environments and shielding conditions
- …
