1,720,958 research outputs found
An analysis of tropical cyclone formations in the South China Sea during the late season
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF REAL ESTATE SYSTEM IN CHINA
No full text本論文研究的大陸房地產制度，包括了土地制度、法律制度、住房制度、調控政策等面向，蒐集相關研究報告及文獻加以彙整歸納，包括房地產制度的定義、沿革、運作模式及發展趨勢等，並根據大陸官方發佈的統計數據與施政報告，輔以業界相關研究或見解，瞭解大陸房地產調控及發展之趨勢，分析其相關問題與對策。先由大陸的經濟改革出發，以改革開放後所採行的社會主義市場經濟為理論基礎，經由土地制度、房地產業、房地產管理制度、相關法令、稅費制度等各項制度的探討，分析大陸房地產相關制度的運作歷程與變革原因，並就大陸剛通過實施不久的物權法對於房地產制度可能產生的規範效果及影響加以討論。住房制度的部份，探討大陸由社會主義公有制下的福利分房轉為貨幣分房並推行住房商品化的政策改革過程，及其對大陸房市發展的影響。繼而探討因應大陸房地產蓬勃發展引發的房價炒作、市場秩序混亂及外來資金問題，大陸官方歷來所提出的調控政策（如國八條、國六條）的內容及實施成效。體而言，大陸在房地產相關制度改革的推進尚稱能對應市場經濟體制發展的要求，並根據社會發展的不同階段給予適時的政策調整。然而人民住房消費能力與房價嚴重背離，大城市普遍房價上漲過快，房市泡沫化隱憂仍在。大陸政府在歷經調控目標衝突導致的調控成效不彰後，目前調控的重心正逐步由房市價格控制轉向解決人民住房需求的目標移動。近期政策目標係確切落實既有調控措施中提出的「著力調整住房供應結構，重點發展普通商品房和經濟適用房，建立健全廉租房制度和住房租賃制度」，具體調控手段則是土地政策、貨幣政策、財政政策、市場監管機制的交相運用。大陸房地產市場發展方面，由於支撐房地產價格的幾項重要因素並沒有改變，國際熱錢依然有進入境內牟利的衝動，大陸國內經濟繼續保持增長的趨勢仍在，城市化帶來的自住型住房需求持續旺盛，可供投資的資產種類仍少，加以地價大幅攀升，原材料和環保投入的增加，使得房價近期內仍在高處運行。大陸當局應當增強調控政策的持續性，尤應加強住房保障體系的建設，防止再次出現房價報復性上漲與房市泡沫化。摘要i錄iii目錄vi目錄vii一章 緒論001 第一節 研究動機與研究目的001 第二節 文獻回顧與探討004 第三節 研究設計019 第四節 論文結構與章節安排說明023二章 大陸土地制度的發展024 第一節 大陸的經濟改革開放024 第二節 大陸的土地制度030三章 大陸房地產相關制度的改革與發展044 第一節 大陸的房地產業044 第二節 大陸的房地產管理制度051 第三節 相關法令及稅費制度062四章 大陸住房政策的演變069 第一節 住房政策下的房屋類型概述069 第二節 大陸住房制度的發展沿革073 第三節 住房政策改革對房地產市場發展的影響086五章 大陸房地產的管理調控091 第一節 影響大陸房地產市場發展的重要因素091 第二節 大陸房地產的宏觀調控政策概述094 第三節 宏觀調控的成效110四節 宏觀調控下的大陸房地產發展趨勢116六章 結論與建議120 第一節 結論120 第二節 未來研究建議123考書目124錄127 附件一127 附件二131 附件三133 附件四136 附件五140 附件六145 附件七149 附件八152 附件九154 附件十160 附件十一16
梅雨期間於南海弱斜壓環境下形成熱帶氣旋之分析
No full text梅雨季時，位於南海北部附近之滯留鋒面溫度梯度常頗微弱，此時具有中緯度鋒面和間熱帶輻合區之混合特性（Chen and Chang,1980），觀測資料顯示，偶有熱帶氣旋於此種滯留鋒面之西南端形成。本研究主要在分析南海北部，於滯留鋒面西南端之弱斜壓環境下，形成熱帶氣旋之過程；此外，並利用MM5數值模式，模擬2002年6月於南海北部滯留鋒面上形成之諾古力（Noguri,07w）颱風，探討其形成機制。
根據JTWC最佳路徑資料，1972至2002年梅雨期間，於南海形成之熱帶氣旋共有20個；其中有11個系統於形成期間有滯留鋒面伴隨。分析結果同時顯示，其中有7個個案之初始擾動源自雲貴地區（簡稱為形成個案）；此種擾動之低層環流隨滯留鋒面南移出海後，將與南海北部的正渦度區逐漸重合。此時，若南海南部因季風肇始而有顯著西南風，且北方有大陸冷高壓東移至黃海而造成華南沿岸顯著東北風，將使南海北部的大尺度渦度顯著增加，使擾動有機會發展為熱帶低壓。分析結果同時顯示，有6個低壓系統亦位於相似滯留鋒面區且封閉等壓線持續達48小時以上，但並未發展為熱帶低壓（稱之非形成個案）。比較形成與非形成個案之環境場顯示，形成個案在華南沿海一帶之低層東北風較強且維持較久，故具較顯著低層大範圍渦度場。此外，形成個案在發展期間，其垂直風切亦有大幅度減弱的情形，而非形成個案之風切較大（趨近10 ms-1）且無明顯減弱趨勢。
利用MM5模擬諾古力颱風結果顯示，系統之低層環流中心源自顯著相當位溫梯度之陸地。形成初期在環境場伴隨較大的垂直風切，渦度垂直結構有傾斜現象；但南海南部西南風與華南沿岸、台灣海峽顯著的東北風，使南海北部有顯著大尺度渦度，提供系統發展的有利條件。形成後期，系統附近有鋒消過程（主要來自傾斜項）；環境溫度梯度減弱且垂直風切明顯減小，渦度極大值區自低層向上發展，傾斜結構也逐漸消失，轉為垂直結構。在系統相對渦度持續增大情況下，使羅士比變形半徑減小而提高加熱效率，使系統緩慢發展為熱帶低壓。無摘 要 I
致 謝 II
圖表目錄 IV
第一章 前言 1
1-1 論文回顧 1
1-2 研究目的 5
第二章 南海熱帶氣旋形成氣候特徵與綜觀環境 8
2-1 氣候特徵 9
2-2 梅雨期個案之綜觀環境場分析 13
2-3 形成與非形成個案 17
2-4 形成與非形成個案之合成分析 19
第三章 梅雨期弱斜壓環境下個案之模擬 24
3-1 諾古力颱風簡介 24
3-2 模式介紹與實驗設計 27
3-3 模擬結果與觀測驗證 30
3-4 模擬結果分析 32
第四章 討論 37
4-1 綜觀環境氣候特徵 37
4-2 形成個案物理機制分析 39
第五章 總結 44
5-1 結論 44
5-2 未來展望 47
參考文獻 4
sj-pdf-1-aim-10.1177_09645284231170886 – Supplemental material for Acupuncture modulates development of myopia by reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the dopamine-D1R signaling pathway
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-aim-10.1177_09645284231170886 for Acupuncture modulates development of myopia by reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the dopamine-D1R signaling pathway by Chih-Sheng Chen, Chi-Fong Lin, Yung-Lan Chou, Der-Yen Lee, Peng-Tai Tien, Yao-Chien Wang, Ching-Yao Chang, En-Shyh Lin, Jamie Jiin Chen, Ming-Yen Wu, Hsiangyu Ku, Dekang Gan, Yung-Ming Chang, Hui-Ju Lin and Lei Wan in Acupuncture in Medicine</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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