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Resource Allocation Strategies under Considerations of Attack Preference and Multiple Deceptive Methods
No full text隨著網路的發展，資訊系統已成為企業運作中不可取代的部分，然而網路雖然給來企業許多好處，但同時也讓企業遭受更多的威脅。一旦連上網路的系統在遭受網路攻擊後造成系統無法正常運作時，將造成企業莫大的財物損失以及商譽上的毀損。因此如何有效配屬資源以抵禦攻擊者將是重要的議題。本篇論文的防禦者的防禦策略中，除了傳統的防禦機制外，由於攻擊者和防禦者間的資訊是不完全的，因此偽裝成為另一種有效的防禦機制。透過偽裝，我們得以運用假節點降低真實節點被攻擊的機率以及分散攻擊的火力以達到保護真實節點不受到摧毀的目的。因此如何在真假節點以及額外的偽裝方法下有效的分配有限的防禦資源以抵禦存在網路上的攻擊將會是一個重要的議題。
有鑑於此，在這篇論文中，我們建構了一個考慮在攻方具有攻擊喜好或稱為攻擊優先性之惡意攻擊環境下，防禦者的目標是最大化系統殘存的工作能力而攻擊者的目標是最小化系統殘存的工作能力。在情境中，攻擊者可以於每次攻擊發動前，先行分配一部分的智慧資源於探索系統並得到對於真假節點可能性的評分。評分較高者，代表其為真實節點的可能性高，因而在攻擊階段，攻擊者便可以透過評分機制來選擇攻擊的目標並分配適當的攻擊資源。而對防禦者而言，防禦者除了可以部屬所謂的假節點外，尚有其他種類的偽裝資源得以用來干擾攻擊者對攻擊目標的評分。最終，我們採用競爭成功函數來衡量競爭的結果，並求得最佳解。With the rapid growing of the Internet, information system has become an irreplaceable part of the businesses daily operation. However, although the Internet brings lots of advantages but also brings more threats to the businesses. It would create devastating financial and reputation damage to the business once the information system which is connected to the Internet is destroyed under cyber attack and caused the normal course of operations disrupted. Hence, it is important to efficiently allocate defense resource for the defender. In the defense strategy of the defender, besides traditional method to protect system, deception is another effective mechanism with the incomplete information between the defender and the attacker. Through deception, the false targets can be used to reduce the probability that the genuine targets are under attack and encounter less-attack effort to achieve the goal of protecting genuine targets from destruction. Therefore, it is an important issue to decide resources allocation strategies with the defense strategy includes false targets and additional deception under limited resources.
For this reason, we construct a model under the malicious attack with attack preference and the objective of the defender is to maximize the residual working capability while the objective of the attacker is to minimize that value. In our attack-defense scenario, the attacker can allocate part of budgets into exploring the system to obtain the evaluation of whether the target is valuable. When the value of evaluation is higher, it is more likely to be a genuine target. Therefore, the attacker can choose the targets to attack based on the evaluation and allocate proper resources to attack in the attack phase. In the view of the defender, besides deploys false targets, additional deception mechanisms can be used to interfere the evaluation of the attacker. Finally, the contest success function is adopted to evaluate the result and get the optimal solution in this problem.誌謝 i
論文摘要 ii
ABSTRACT iii
CONTENTS v
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF TABLES x
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Motivation 7
1.3 Literature Survey 10
1.3.1 Multi-round 10
1.3.2 Incomplete Information 11
1.3.3 Deception 13
1.3.4 Network survivability and Working Capability 19
1.4 Thesis Organization 23
Chapter 2 Problem Formulation 24
2.1 Contest Success Function 24
2.2 Problem Description 27
2.2.1 The Characteristic of the Defender and the Attacker 27
2.3 Problem Assumption 40
2.4 Mathematical Formulation 43
2.5 Mathematical Formulation II 50
Chapter 3 Solution Approach 58
3.1 The Solution Procedure 58
Chapter 4 Computational Experiments 60
4.1 Experiment Environment 60
4.2 The Experiments 62
4.2.1 Discussing the Impact of the Efficiency of Reduction Rate 62
4.2.2 Discussing the Impact of the Attack Percentage 88
4.2.3 Discussion the Impact of the Amount of the False Targets 93
Chapter 5 Summary and Future Work 107
5.1 Summary 107
5.2 Future Work 111
REFERENCE 11
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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