1,720,969 research outputs found
A Study on the Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Intention of Inpatients toward Advance Directives
No full text本研究目的在探討住院病人對醫療預立指示知識、態度與行為意向及其相關因素，採橫斷式相關性研究，以自擬結構式問卷為調查工具。自2008年12月至2009年4月，於台北某聯合醫院之五家區域等級院區之內外科病房之成年住院病人，有效樣本數為206人。 研究結果發現：1.本研究之住院病人在醫療預立指示知識方面總體得分偏低，較瞭解的部分為相關安寧緩和醫條例的定義與理念，而在相關醫療預立指示的法律條文規定顯得較不清楚。2.對於醫療預立指示態度傾向正向3.醫療預立指示行為意向方面，住院病人可能會簽署「預立選擇安寧緩和醫療意願書」排序第一；簽署醫療預立指示行為意向重要預測因子為「安寧緩和醫療態度」與「醫療預立指示態度」當前兩者態度愈正向，其醫療預立指示行為意向動機愈強。4.71.6%住院病人希望醫療預立指示在台灣推廣，並認為住院期間醫護人員能透主動說明、或透過宣導短片或是單張文宣，都在醫院推行醫療預立指示很好的方式。 結論：醫療預立指示觀念需要透過若透過有效的宣導方式，增加住院病人對於醫療預立指示的認識，影響對醫療預立指示態度，進而提升住院病人的意向與意願。This study was conducted using a crossing-sectional research mothod.The purpose of this study was to discuss the knowledge, attitude and behavior intention of inpatients toward advance directives.The data was collected from designed structural questionnaire. From December 2008 to April 2009, 206 adult inpatients from the medical-surgical wards in five medical regional branch of united hospital in Taipei were included in the study. he results were as follows:1)The inpatients scored low on knowledge of advance directives. Inpatients tended to know more about definition and concepts of palliative care but didn’t know clearly about the laws and regulations regarding advance directives. 2)Inpatients tended to have positive attitude towards advance directives. 3)Among the results of inpatients’ behavior intention to advance directives, the possibility of “signing consents to palliative care” ranked first; the two important predict factors for inpatients to sign “consents to advance directives” were “attitudes towards palliative care” and “attitudes towards advance directives”. If the two factors are more positive, the motivation for behavior intention of advance directives will be stronger.4)71.6% of the inpatients are willing to see advance directives policy to be implemented in hospitals throughout Taiwan, and they agreed that information and notice voluntarily provided by medical professionals during in-hospital period as well as properly designed video or pamphlets are all good ways for the implementation of advance directives. he conclusion of this study was: the implementation of the advance directives policy requires more effective penetrations and educations to inpatients. The patient’s increasing knowledge and understanding of advance directives will positively influence their attitudes and consequently promote their behavior intention to give advance directives.論文口試委員審定書………………………………i謝…………………………………………………ii文摘要…………………………………………iii文摘要……………………………………………iv錄…………………………………………………v表目錄……………………………………………vii錄…………………………………………………viii 壹 章 緒 論一節 研究背景與重要性………………………1二節 研究目的…………………………………3三節 名詞解釋…………………………………4 貳 章 文獻查證 第一節 醫療預立指示發展背景………………………………5 第二節 醫療預立指示的定義與內容……………………………7 第三節 醫療預立指示利益與推行障礙……………………8 第四節 台灣安寧緩和醫療條例的內容與推展現況…………11 第五節 簽署醫療預立指示影響因素…………………………13 参 章 研究方法 第一節 研究設計……………………………………………16 第二節 研究架構………………………………………………17 第三節 研究對象………………………………………………18 第四節 研究工具………………………………………………18 第五節 研究工具之信效度……………………………………22 第六節 資料收集過程…………………………………………23 第七節 資料分析方法…………………………………………24八節 研究倫理考量……………………………………………25 肆 章 研究結果 第一節 安寧緩和醫療及醫療預立指示知識、態度與行為意向之現況分析…26 第二節 安寧緩和醫療及醫療預立指示知識、態度與行為意向相關性……32 第三節 簽署醫療預立指示行為意向及意願之中要預測因子…37 伍 章 討論 第一節 台灣落實醫療預立指示的現況……………………43 第二節 醫療預立指示行為意向與意願..…………………44 第三節 醫療預立指示意向與意願預測因子………………45 第四節 醫療預立指示宣導………………………………46 陸 章 結論與建議 第一節 結論………………………………………………48 第二節 護理應用之建議…………………………………50 第三節 研究限制與未來研究之建議……………………51考文獻中文部分………………………………………………………52英文部分………………………………………………………5
The Study of Precision Cultivation and Traceability System for Seedling Production in Greenhouses Using RFID Technology
No full text本研究主要是將無線射頻辨識系統（RFID）導入溫室內精準栽培作業流程，搭配溫室內多功能監測系統，對溫室內甘藍種苗植株以遙測光譜影像系統及環境感測器進行相關資訊之擷取，並自行開發一套生產履歷系統，可讓溫室管理者透過遠端監控方式，操控此多功能系統進行種苗本體性狀分析，透過噴桿巡走的同時自動擷取、紀錄相關資訊用以取代人力。由於溫室現場光度變化而導致攝影機曝光取像程式中疊代運算耗時過長，為使系統效能提升速度加快，故修正型自動曝光採用方式為將光環境直接分做四種狀況，較原先曝光演算法節省了約44.44%～71.55%的時間，測試結果亦提升整體系統效能與穩定性。並利用系統在噴桿停走之資料擷取的空檔，將影像處理分析步驟統一改以LabVIEW撰寫，同步進行即時影像處理與分析，增進運算速率為原本的7倍，且所有步驟簡化為一鍵到底的操作介面。針對不同苗齡的甘藍種苗，透過所擷取之影像計算其植被指數，藉由NDVI及LAI值建立一個正確判別有無苗盤和不同苗齡植株所需的灌溉水份分級表。另外，探討RFID系統在溫室環境中相關的影響參數，本研究中之被動式RFID在此溫室中所適用的讀取距離約為22.5 cm，Antenna與Tag之間的相對位置約為56度。而生產履歷系統能將多功能監測系統所擷取的設施內各點之環境因子與設備作動狀態資訊，透過RFID作為追蹤辨識的依據，建立一套種苗生產履歷資料庫，內部架構涵蓋「栽培管理履歷」（包括NDVI、LAI、灑水量等）以及「設施環境履歷」（包括溫溼度、光量子度、設施作動狀態等）兩大部分。藉此提供育苗場管理者對種苗生長資料的記錄與蒐集，作為種苗栽培、不同管理模式之噴灑依據。另外，藉由Tag來代表不同的種苗標記，可因應栽培作業之不同或移動穴盤苗株分區管理。此溫室內之種苗生產履歷系統不同於以往田間生產履歷的使用，而是首度將RFID配合生產履歷應用於溫室種苗生產系統。Precision cultivation and multi-function monitoring system for seedling production in greenhouses using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology was used to develop the crop production traceability system in greenhouses. Multi-spectral images with plant-oriented sensing algorithm were measured by remote sensing. To avoid the situations of over-exposure when images were captured, an amended automatic exposure algorithm for camera shutter and gain control was conducted; the result of the performance test indicated not only time saving of approximately 44.44% ~ 71.55%, but also an increased system efficiency and stability. The operation interface was simplified using LabVIEW software, and furthermore, the algorithm was improved by a rate of image processing about 7 times. The irrigation policies for seedlings were established according to the multi-imaging-based calculated NDVI and LAI spatial variations. Besides, the study explored the applications of the passive RFID system in the greenhouse. Regarding the performance test, the best relative distance and angle were 22.5 cm and 56 degree respectively. The study aims to construct a traceability system for seedling production in greenhouses using RFID technology. The contents of the database were divided into two parts, management traceability system and environment traceability system. The traceability system provides the operators with records of seedling growth and management history, that were served as the decision bases for spray and related operations. A tag represented a division of seedlings, in which operations would be taken according to the local circumstances. The traceability system developed in this study is the first application of RFID technology to the greenhouse production.口試委員審定書 i謝 iii要 vbstract vii錄 ix目錄 xiii目錄 xvii一章 前言 1 1-1 前言 1 1-2 研究目的 3二章 文獻探討 5 2-1 無線射頻辨識系統（RFID System） 5 2-1-1 RFID System 5 2-1-1-1 RFID System的組成要素 6 2-1-1-2 Tag的分類 7 2-1-1-3 RFID基本工作原理 10 2-1-1-4 常見的Tag介紹 12 2-1-1-5 資料庫（Database） 15 2-1-2 RFID的相關應用與發展 16 2-2 生產履歷 23 2-2-1 生產履歷制度 23 2-2-1-1 源起 23 2-2-1-2 生產履歷紀錄 24 2-2-1-3 生產履歷的擴充 26 2-2-1-4 產銷履歷的價值 27 2-2-2 現行相關推動與應用 30 2-3 精準栽培 31 2-3-1 精準農業 31 2-3-2 遙測（Remote Sensing）技術 34 2-3-3 多光譜影像（Multi-spectral image） 34 2-3-3 植被指數 35 2-3-4 遙測技術與光譜影像之結合與應用 37三章 材料與方法 41 3-1 實驗配備與地點 41 3-1-1 溫室內多功能監測系統 43 3-1-2 RFID System 54 3-2 研究方法 59 3-2-1 苗株多光譜影像擷取系統之改良 59 3-2-1-1 自動曝光演算法之修正 59 3-2-1-2 多光譜影像處理技術之改善 65 3-2-2 實驗設計與規劃 69 3-2-2-1 實驗室內 69 3-2-2-2 溫室內 75 3-2-3 苗株灌溉水份分級表之建立 81 3-2-4 生產履歷資料庫設計 83四章 結果與討論 89 4-1 苗株多光譜影像系統 89 4-1-1 修正型自動曝光演算法 89 4-1-2 多光譜影像處理 90 4-2 RFID性能測試結果 95 4-2-1 實驗室內 95 4-2-2 溫室內 98 4-3 溫室內苗株精準水份管理之建立 102 4-4 生產履歷系統 111五章 結論與建議 119 5-1 結論 119 5-2 建議 121考文獻 123錄：中英對照表 13
Modulating glycemic response through the inhibition function of potato peels on starch digestive enzymes
No full textPotato peel waste is a burden to the potato processing industry due to its large quantity and lack of utilization. On the other hand, obesity and type II diabetes, which correlated with the high glycemic response after starch ingestion, have become major health concerns worldwide. Potato peels, as an industrial waste, contain functional molecules (i.e., calystegine), which have the potential to modulate glycemic response through their inhibitory effect on starch degrading enzymes. In this research, the objectives were to investigate the inhibition of industrial potato peel waste on α-amylase and mucosal α-glucosidase, quantify and characterize inhibitors as well as study the effects of potato cultivars and peeling methods on inhibition performances. Potato peels were extracted with water, and an in vitro inhibition mechanism study of potato peel extract was conducted on α-amylase and mucosal α-glucosidase. A rat feeding study was performed to verify the impact of consuming potato peel extract on glycemic response. The concentrations of the potential inhibitors, including pectin, phenolic acids, minerals, and calystegine were quantified and correlated with measured inhibition on α-amylase and mucosal α-glucosidase. To evaluate the potential of utilizing the potato peels generated by potato processors, we examined five potato cultivars from two consecutive years, which are common cultivars used in processing in the United States Pacific Northwest. We also investigated the inhibition power of hand, steam, and abrasion peeling methods. The potato peel waste from two processors was included in this study to examine the potential of using real waste to modulate glycemic response. Our data showed that potato peel extract had a dose-response inhibition on both α-amylase and mucosal α-glucosidase in an in vitro system. The inhibition mechanism on α-amylase was noncompetitive inhibition while mixed inhibition mechanism was observed on mucosal α-glucosidase inhibition. In animal study, the consumption of potato peel extract delayed the presence of the glucose spike from 30 min to 60 min in a rat model. For inhibitor characterization and quantification, we identified four major types of phenolic acids in potato peel extract, and phenolic acid content were strongly correlated with both α-amylase (r = 0.62) and mucosal α-glucosidase (r = 0.50) inhibition. Our data also demonstrate that pectin had an inhibition on α-amylase at a dose of 5.6 mg/mL, however, the content of pectin in potato peel extract used in this study was not sufficient to generate a significant impact on α-amylase activity. For minerals, the total amount of copper, zinc and nickel, which were reported to have inhibition on both α-amylase and mucosal α-glucosidase, was in the range of 1.8 ug/mL to 20.2 ug/mL in the potato extract. Our results showed low correlation between mineral content and measured inhibition, which could result from the limited availability of ions due to the their interaction with other molecules in the peel extract. We identified five isoforms of calystegine in our potato peel extracts with the combined concentration of 4.2 ug/mL to 20.2 ug/mL. Statistical analysis showed high correlation (r = 0.65) between calystegine content and mucosal α-glucosidase inhibition, indicating calystegine is the major mucosal α-glucosidase inhibitor in the peel extract. When comparing cultivar differences and peeling methods, all of five potato cultivars had an inhibition power on starch degrading enzymes, and all the peeling methods preserved inhibition power over both enzymes as well. The growing environment had a significant impact on the inhibition power, which the potatoes grown in 2016 and 2017 had significant differences in their inhibition power (p = 0.003). Variations among the cultivars were observed, and Ranger Russet had the highest inhibition power among the five cultivars. Regarding the impact of peeling method on the inhibition performance, steam peeling method preserved the highest inhibition power among the three methods (p masters, M.S., Food Science -- University of Idaho - College of Graduate Studies, 2019-0
Investigating wheat starch functionality associated with weather triggered low falling number and improvement in the quantification of reducing sugars
No full textIn this program, we studied a critical issue in wheat from starch aspects and improved a reducing sugar assay that could be potentially utilized in the potato industry for quality control. Both wheat and potato are important to the US agricultural economy, especially in the Pacific Northwest Region. In recent years, wheat growers have faced huge economic loss due to low falling number (FN) wheat. Wheat with low FN is considered having a high α-amylase activity, which is associated with poor end-use quality. The research of low FN wheat has mainly focused on α-amylase; however, its substrate, starch, did not receive much attention. We hypothesized that starch in the low FN wheat might have structural changes that could decrease flour paste property and influence FN measurement. Starch from three soft white wheat lines with normal and low FNs were examined. Starch in the low FN wheat was found having altered granule size distribution and structure. The changes led to a reduction in paste viscosity and influence the interaction between α-amylase and starch that could further decrease FN. Quantifying reducing sugar is a common practice in carbohydrate research as well as in the food industry. Multiple colorimetric methods are available to measure the reducing sugar content. One of the assays developed by Somogyi and Nelson can accurately measure reducing sugars in a board range of concentrations. The drawback of this method is that it is time-consuming when analyzing a large number of samples. Therefore, we aimed to improve this method so it can be used to quantify reducing sugars with ease and high efficiency. The traditional Somogyi-Nelson assay, which is conducted in test tubes, was adopted into a 96-well microplate. This modification greatly improved the analytic capacity and efficacy and maintained the advantages of the traditional assay at the same time.masters, M.S., Food Science -- University of Idaho - College of Graduate Studies, 2018-0
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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