1,720,957 research outputs found
Marine Realms Information Bank, a Distributed Geolibrary for the Ocean; a New Means for Scientific Communication, Publishing, and Libraries.
No full textThe Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) is a prototype web-based distributed geolibrary that organizes, indexes, and delivers online information about the oceanic and coastal environments. The improvement of computer power and connectivity of the 1990s, by enabling very fast exchange of data online, has shown that effective information management does not automatically result from quicker connection or large broadband. Millions of web sites have been setup to provide information on every subject, and various information-gathering systems have been developed to locate information online. Unfortunately, these search engines often produce exhaustive bibliographic lists that mix first-quality scientific knowledge with irrelevant materials. To be really useful, information banks require not only quality control but also classification systems that integrate and organize the information. In 1999 the National Research Council proposed the concept of distributed geolibraries, which are online digital libraries able to provide a simple mechanism for searching and retrieving information in response to topical and geographically defined needs. Distributed geolibraries are beneficial for various reasons, the most important of which is the authoritative role they would come to assume as subject gateways. To be referenced through a scientific geolibrary, information sources must meet quality standards set by the library gatekeeper. Another important benefit of a distributed geolibrary comes from its "distributed" attribute. Without the need to collect information in one physical location, local curators can serve and update online information without the requirement of maintaining consistency among multiple copies. The MRIB prototype implements the distributed geolibrary concept to organize, index, and deliver online information about the oceanic and coastal environments. MRIB provides access to information, but it is not an information repository. It incorporates information that exists in remote sources, without modifying formats or content. This system succeeds by building a central index that consists of Electronic Index Cards containing metadata about the information sources, their geographical areas, and their network locations. The ontology of MRIB is expressed in the classification system through which users can explore the available information. MRIB currently classifies information with 13 types of categories (facets): Location, Geologic Time, Features, Biota, Discipline, Scientific Method, Hot Topics, Project Name, Agency Name, Author, Class, Format, and Audience. Classifying information is not automatic but is performed by a librarian, which is both the major benefit and the major operating cost of MRIB. The significance of MRIB lies both in the utility of the information bank and in the implementation of the distributed geolibraries concept. Distributed information banks, such as MRIB, can be applied widely as unifying portals for extensive or rapidly developing information bases, for which a centralized repository would be impractical. In addition, MRIB has a modular structure that allows a classification system to be easily modified, to expedite the development and testing of suitable classification systems for existing information bases
Marine Realms Information Bank, an on-line educational resource
No full textTo organize individual Internet resources into a unified and informative collection, MRIB uses an ontological subject classification. MRIB is a USGS digital library for scientific information concerning the oceans and the adjacent parts of the atmosphere and solid earth, as well as the people, techniques, and organizations in the marine sciences. The MRIB ontology collocates resources on related topics, and provides a navigation structure that informs users about the interrelationships between the coastal and oceanic environments, other Earth processes, and human activities.
MRIB presents information in the context of an ontology that contains a controlled vocabulary in several subject facets. The MRIB web-interface allows users to navigate through the facet hierarchies and to combine terms from different facets. Search results are also displayed hierarchically so users can explore related research subjects. This is analogous to a librarian showing patrons the various aisles of a library so that patrons can browse not only the books on a specific subject, but also the related ones located in the nearby shelves.
MRIB aspires to be useful to scientists, decision-makers, students, legislators, and the general public, without requiring more than a high-school-level science education. This means that MRIB does not target its services, functions and ontology to a well-defined audience. By providing hierarchical classification trees, MRIB lets the users choose their level of scientific detail. This leads to an ongoing challenge in MRIB development: discovering simple, universally understood terms for the top-level categories.
The goal of providing quality-controlled, up-to-date information is achieved with a central catalog and a distributed collection. A central cataloguer reviews Internet resources and creates metadata for those judged to be of high quality. By leaving the collection itself on the servers of the scientific projects that create it, MRIB provides access to the latest version.
Although not intended primarily as a resource for students and teachers, MRIB’s interactive yet organized access to a quality-controlled collection provides an environment for learning. MRIB is also convenient for teachers looking for curriculum resources about human-environment relationships
The Marine Realms Information Bank: A Coastal and Marine Digital Library at USGS.
Full text linkThe Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) is a distributed geolibrary of the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program that (1) prioritizes search and display of information by place (location on the Earth's surface), and (2) links information existing in distributed and independent sources. The MRIB aims to provide easy access to knowledge pertaining to the ocean and the associated atmospheric and terrestrial environments to scientists, decision-makers, and the interested members of the public
Marine Realms Information Bank, a Distributed Geolibrary for the Ocean.
No full textThe Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) is a prototype web-based distributed geolibrary that organizes, indexes, and delivers online information about the oceanic and coastal environments. It implements the distributed geolibrary concept to organize, index, and deliver online information about the oceanic and coastal environments. The significance of MRIB lies both in the utility of the information bank and in the implementation of the distributed geolibraries concept
Content Metadata standards for Marine Science; a Case Study.
Full text linkThe U.S. Geological Survey developed a content metadata standard to meet the demands of organizing electronic resources in the marine sciences for a broad, heterogeneous audience. These metadata standards are used by the Marine Realms Information Bank project, a Web-based public distributed library of marine science from academic institutions and government agencies. The development and deployment of this metadata standard serve as a model, complete with lessons about mistakes, for the creation of similarly specialized metadata standards for digital libraries
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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