1,721,014 research outputs found
Visual narration and iconic narrative : telling a story with a picture
No full textA l’occasion de l'analyse de la question des capacités de l’image immobile isolée de « raconter une histoire », l’auteur développe les bases d’une narratologie fondamentale renouvelée, revisite la sémiotique du texte et les théories de l’image et réalise un déplacement méthodologique qui remplace l’approche sémiotique de la question du récit et de la narrativité par une approche en termes d’effets et de réception. La réflexion croise plusieurs disciplines : l’histoire de l’art, la narratologie, la sémiotique, mais aussi la philosophie et l’esthétique. Si l'auteur se propose bien de reconstruire les fondements même de la théorie de la narration visuelle, il ne cherche pas cependant à remplacer les théories existantes par un nouveau paradigme construit ex nihilo. Les bases nouvelles émergent au fil d’un travail sur les théories développées à ce jour ainsi qu'un corpus divers d'images narratives. Les théories critiquées se voient intégrées plutôt que niées dans le déplacement opéré. Pour résoudre le principal problème pour le récit iconique, celui du temps, l'auteur propose une nouvelle conceptualisation de la structure temporelle de l'image fixe unique. Celle-ci prend en compte le temps représenté et la durée perceptive. La dernière partie de l'ouvrage est consacrée à une relecture du Laocoon (1766) de G. E. Lessing, ouvrage largement responsable de la conception actuelle selon laquelle le récit iconique serait impossible. L'auteur montre que le débat autour des thèses de Lessing a été faussé par une confusion entre la question des possibilités/impossibilités de l’image comme telle et celle des « fins propres » de l’image dès lors qu’elle est artistique.Based on his analysis of the possibility of iconic narrative – « telling a story » with a single still picture – Klaus-Peter Speidel develops a new foundation for visual narratology based on cognitive theory and reception aesthetics. Speidel's work is at the intersection of various disciplines : art history, literary theory, semiotics, philosophy of art and picture theory. While the thesis aims at reconstructing the foundations of a theory of visual narrative, the author does not try to replace the existing approaches with a new theory created ex nihilo. The new foundations emerge from his analysis of existing theories as well as a diverse array of pictures which play an important role in the argument. Classical theories of narrative are absorbed rather than rejected. In order to solve the main problem for visual narrative, the problem of time, the author offers a new conceptualisation of the temporal structure of still images. His taxonomy takes into account both the chronology of the story being told and perception time. The final part of the work offers a reinterpretation of G. E. Lessing's Laocoon (1766) a work that has played a major role for modern scepticism concerning the possibility of telling a story with a picture. The author shows that the discussion around Lessing has been biased by a confusion between the possibilities of the picture as such and the aims of artistic pictures. According to Speidel, Lessing's theory has lost much of its value as a theory of art but is still valuable as a theory for certain kinds of pictures, namely pictures that aim at “transparency”
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Abstraction and Freedom : paintings as a Source to Question the Link Between the Being and the World
No full textLa coappartenance de l’abstraction et de la liberté constitue le ressort d’un questionnement sur l’être-au-monde à partir du tableau. Tableau ici n’est pas seulement à comprendre dans son acception esthétique, comme œuvre d’art mais comme la monstration, au moyen de la peinture, de la structure qui préside à l’événement de l’être et du monde. Un tableau n’est pas abstrait, souligne le peintre Pierre Dunoyer, mais fondamentalement une abstraction. Un tableau témoigne en effet d’une saisie et d’un dévoilement de ce qui a été oublié et caché. Il atteste de la différence ontologique et plus encore du processus à l’origine de cette scission entre l’être et l’étant. Il montre la liberté se libérant, la puissance de détermination en acte, s’affirmant dans la finitude de l’objet. Face à un tableau, l’être ne se voit pas. Il est convoqué, tenu d’advenir à soit-même comme être s’il veut que le visible lui parvienne. Voir un tableau ne relève donc de la sensation qu’en tant que celui-ci doit être perçu pour que le phénomène ai lieu. Mais il s’agit véritablement de s’éprouver soi-même comme l’« ouvert-ouvrant » qui préside à la phénoménalisation du monde. Le tableau est indissociable de l’avènement de la conscience dans la mesure où c’est par l‘Autre, dans le surgissement de la limite, que la conscience arrive et au rythme du logos qu’elle se déploie. Le tableau est une figure de cette parole ontologique qui nous façonne dans son dire. Cette recherche est le fruit d’un effort pour advenir à soi-même dans la conscience du tableau et renouveler, pour l’ensemble des hommes, la promesse de liberté.The fact that abstraction and freedom belong to one another eables us to question the “being-at-world” from paintings. Paintings are not to be understood in an aesthetic way, as works of art, but as a structure demonstrating the event : the being and the world together. A painting is not abstract, emphasizes the painter Dunoyer, but fundamentally an abstraction. In effect, a painting unveils what has been forgotten and hidden. It attests to the ontological difference and to the process at the origin of the split between being and beingness. It shows freed, the power of determination in actuality, asserting itself in the finite object. Being cannot actually be seen by looking at a painting. It is summoned, obliged to become itself if it wants to see the world as its own. To see a painting is a matter of sensation only because a painting has to be perceived if the phenomenon is to take place. But it is rather a matter of experiencing oneself as the one who is “opened and opening” and therefore governs the world’s phenomenalization. Paintings cannot be separated from the arrival of consciousness as long as consciousness is first linked to the Other which limits it and secondly, to the logos which rhythms its growth. Painting are figure of the ontological speech that models us while speaking. This research is the result of an effort to become oneself by becoming aware of paintings. It aims at giving us a new insight into freedom’s promise
Warhol and pop art : between unstable ambivalences and opposite duels
No full textLe grand projet à l’origine de la réalisation de cette thèse est de proposer une nouvelle manière de comprendre la nature instable et décloisonnée du pop art, ce courant pictural presque sorti de l’histoire de l’art pour s’ériger en signe diffus de la culture populaire.Les enjeux plus conceptuels, qu’il dissimule derrière une imagerie devenue familière, sont pourtant d’une importance capitale pour la reconfiguration de la définition contemporaine de l’œuvre d’art. Toujours entre surface et profondeur, l’image pop se développe insidieusement.Le concept de « coïncidence des opposés », hérité d’une tradition théologico-philosophique dont Nicolas De Cues est le dépositaire le plus illustre, nous servira d’outil opératoire pour tenter de comprendre les implications sémantiques liées à la nature glissante de cet espace artistique aux contours flous. L’instabilité de ses frontières s’exprime d’abord par la proximité entre « art » et « non-art ». Elle s’illustre ensuite et surtout par le développement d’une multitude de microstructures internes reproduisant le même schéma conceptuel de « coïncidence des opposés ». Nous utiliserons alors, pour faciliter notre approche philosophique le concept d’ « ambivalences instables ».Trois grands moments jalonneront notre enquête. Ils seront synthétisés par les trois notions suivantes : « le paradoxe de la destruction créatrice », « la littéralité anti-littérale », et « la désacralisation hyper-sacralisée ».The aim of this PhD project is to propose a new way of understanding the profoundly unstable and essentially decompartmentalized nature of pop art, this pictorial stream which is almost going beyond the scope of art history to elevate itself to be a vague symbol of popular culture.However, its familiar image hides more conceptual matters of dispute which are of crucial importance when it comes to reconfiguring the contemporary definition of a work of art. Always between surface and depth, pop imagery is developing insidiously.The “coincidence of opposites” concept, inherited from a theological-philosophical tradition, with Nicolas De Cues as its most famous depositary, will be used as an operating tool in our attempt to understand the semantic implications bound to the changing nature of this artistic space, the limits of which are still clearly blurry. This fuzziness of its frontiers appears first and foremost through the proximity between “art” and “non-art”, and then, most of all, through the development of a multitude of internal microstructures mimicking the pattern of the “coincidence of opposites” concept. In order to facilitate the philosophical flexibility of our approach, we will therefore use the concept of “unstable ambivalences”. Three milestones mark our investigation. They are summarized by the three following notions: “the creative destruction paradox”,”anti-literal literalism” and ”hyper-sacralized desecration”
Escapees from Medicine : Philosophy and Physiology of Art in France during the Second Half of the 19th Century
No full textDans la seconde moitié du 19ème siècle, des liens particuliers se tissent entre art et médecine : la médecine moderne se tourne vers les œuvres pour y découvrir une clinique, et en retour certains peintres et écrivains se nourrissent de ces nouveaux savoirs pour renouveler leurs pratiques. Mais quand la physiologie prend l’art pour objet, qu’elle analyse les œuvres, leur création et leur réception, l’art peut être loué, ou à l’inverse condamné, et les figures de l’artiste et du médecin tendent à se confondre, ou à s’opposer. Notre travail porte sur ce qui rend possible cette alliance et ces conflits. Nous interrogeons pour cela l’idée de visibilité commune à l’art et à la clinique, le concept de pathologie, et le problème de la norme. Il apparaît alors que la figure de l’artiste anormal, « malade », est un héritage de la mélancolie traditionnelle : sa valeur, qu’elle soit positive ou négative, se comprend toujours dans un contexte spécifique et varie en fonction d’une série de déplacements. Par l’analyse des discours et de quelques œuvres représentatives, nous entendons alors non seulement rendre compte de la physiologie de l’art en France à cette époque, dans ses différentes versions, mais encore montrer qu’elle est un prisme privilégié pour comprendre certaines œuvres.In the second half of 19th century, specific bonds are forged between art and medicine: the modern medicine turns towards artworks and discovers there a clinic. In return, some painters and writers feed themselves on new knowledges to revitalize their practices. But as physiology takes art as its object, analyzes artworks, creation and reception, art can be praised, or conversely condemned. Thus, the figures of the artist and of the physician tend to join or to oppose themselves. Our work deals with what make this union and these conflicts possible. We address the idea of visibility, common to art and clinic, the concept of pathology, and the problem of norm. Thus, it appears that the figure of the abnormal artist, the “sick artist’’, is a legacy of the traditional melancholy: its value, positive or negative, is always understood in a specific context and changes according to a set of transfers. As we analyse discourses and some representative artworks, we intend not only to give an account of physiology of art as it appears in France at this time, but also to show that it is a privileged prism to understand a certain kind of artwork
- …
