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No full textI materiali si propongono di sviluppare la percezione di diverse sfaccettature della lingua tedesca. Partendo dalla diffusione del tedesco nel mondo, sia come lingua ufficiale che minoritaria, si passa alla sua presentazione come lingua pluricentrica, con più varietà nazionali. Accanto all'illustrazione della Umgangssprache come varietà diafasica, si considera la variazione diatopica sub-standard, tracciando i contorni delle diverse Umgangssprachen regionali e dei dialetti in cui si articola l'area linguistica tedesca. Delineate le caratteristiche del tedesco parlato, con una breve rassegna sulle routine e i rituali conversazionali, si dà infine una panoramica sulle varietà sociali e sulle lingue speciali. Capitolo 1 A. Lingue di minoranza nei paesi tedescofoni (60 Kb) B. Il tedesco in Südtirol-Alto Adige: attitudini linguistiche, dati soggettivi (33 Kb) Capitolo 2 A. Links utili sulle varietà nazionali del tedesco (26 Kb) Capitolo 3 A. Gli anglicismi nel Tedesco moderno (103 Kb) B. Links utili sui dialetti tedeschi e le varietà regionali (76 Kb) C. Fig. 9. I dialetti tedeschi (176 Kb) Capitolo 4 A. Norme di trascrizione secondo il sistema GAT (38 Kb
Spatial structure of genetic variability in natural stands of Fagus sylvatica L. (beech) in Italy
No full textWe report an autocorrelation study of 11 enzyme loci detected by starch gel electrophoresis in 14 populations over the Italian biogeographical range of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). In line with previous studies of beech and other forest tree species a low level of spatial autocorrelation was detected. No correlation between the amount of microspatial structuring of genetic variability in different populations and environmental (latitude, longitude, altitude), structural (mean and standard deviation of tree size) and genetic characteristics (mean expected heterozygosity, mean F(IS)) was found. No significant differences in the amount of spatial structuring seem to exist among loci if low heterozygosity loci are excluded from the analysis
Italie. Des turbolences sans atterisage certain: l’évolution récente des relation professionelles italiennes
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Abscopal effect of radiation therapy: Interplay between radiation dose and p53 status
No full textPurpose: This study investigates whether the abscopal effect induced by radiation-therapy (RT) is able to sterilize non-irradiated tumour cells through bystander signals. Material and methods: Wild-type (wt)-p53 or p53-null HCT116 human colon cancer cells were xenografted into both flanks of athymic female nude mice. When tumours reached a volume of 0.2 cm3, irradiation was performed, under strict dose monitoring, with a dedicated mobile accelerator designed for intra-Operative-RT (IORT). A dose of 10 or 20 Gy (IR groups), delivered by a 10 MeV electron beam, was delivered to a tumour established in one side flank, leaving the other non-irradiated (NIR groups). A subset of mice were sacrificed early on to carry out short-term molecular analyses. Results: All directly-irradiated tumours, showed a dose-dependent delayed and reduced regrowth, independent of the p53 status. Importantly, a significant effect on tumour-growth inhibition was also demonstrated in NIR wt-p53 tumours in the 20 Gy-irradiation group, with a moderate effect also evident after 10 Gy-irradiation. In contrast, no significant difference was observed in the NIR p53-null tumours, independent of the dose delivered. Molecular analyses indicate that p53-dependent signals might be responsible for the abscopal effect in our model system, via a pro-apoptotic pathway. Conclusions: We suggest that the interplay between delivered dose and p53 status might help to sterilize out-of-field tumour cells. © 2014 Informa UK, Ltd
Liver Fibrosis in Patients with chronic liver diseases: are laboratory tests useful to diagnosis?
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