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Cent ans après : la mémoire de la Première Guerre mondiale
No full textIl y a cent ans prenait fin la Première Guerre mondiale. Ses commémorations nous permettent de reconsidérer dans son ensemble et dans ses spécificités les formes de la mémoire du conflit. Mais peut-on parler d’une mémoire ? Il existe en réalité une pluralité de mémoires qui varient selon les origines familiale et sociale, mais qui restent largement nationale et hétérogène d’un pays à un autre. L’objet de cette publication est de cartographier l’évolution dans le temps, jusqu’à aujourd’hui, des mémoires de la Première Guerre mondiale en Europe, à travers les textes d’éminents historiens. Trop souvent négligée, la péninsule des Balkans est ici particulièrement étudiée à côté des grandes puissances traditionnelles européennes. Compte tenu de leurs histoires respectives, certains pays ont vu la mémoire de la Grande Guerre avoir une forte dynamique historiographique et mémorielle quand dans d’autres elle a été relayée au second plan par d’autres événements contemporains. Ces articles consacrés aux cas nationaux coexistent avec des études novatrices consacrées aux dimensions paneuropéennes et transnationales des mémoires, courants historiographiques émergents qui ouvrent une perspective différente.One hundred years ago, the First World War ended. The commemorations allow us to reconsider the forms of the collective memory of the conflict as a whole and through specific features. But can we speak of a single type of collective memory? There is in fact a plurality of collective memories that vary according to family and social origins, but which remain largely national and heterogeneous from one country to another. The aim of this publication is to map the evolution over time, up until today, of the collective memories of the First World War in Europe, through the texts of eminent historians. Too often neglected, the Balkan Peninsula is particularly studied here, alongside the traditional great European powers. Taking into account their respective histories, the collective memories of the Great War seem to have a strong dynamic in some countries, whereas in others they were relegated to the background by other contemporary events. The articles devoted to national cases coexist with innovative studies focusing on the pan-European and transnational dimensions of the collective memories, linked to emerging historiographical approaches, which open a fresh perspective in First World War studies
Review of Christopher Clark's Οι Υπνοβάτες: Πώς η Ευρώπη πήγε στον πόλεμο το 1914 [The Sleepwalkers: How Europe went to War in 1914]
Get PDFThere is hardly an issue in the entire history of the 20th century that has caught so much the interest of the historians and has seen the production of such a huge number of books and articles as the one regarding the origins of the First World War. It is no surprise that the explosion of interest in the First World War on the occasion of the centenary year was marked, among else, by new discussions and many publications on this subject.The book that has caught mostly the attention of public and academic debate is no other than Sleepwalkers by Christopher Clark, Professor of Modern History at the University of Cambridge. Through an exhaustive study of the main actors and the motives behind their decisions, characterized by thorough knowledge of the subject and a thrilling narrative style, the author tries to answer the crucial question of how Europe went to war in 1914
Heritage and Memory of the First World War in Greece during the Interwar Period: A Historical Perspective
Get PDFThe memory of the First World War in Greece has suffered throughout the years a gradual decline, which is comparable to the case of many other countries, mostly in areas of Eastern and Southeastern Europe. The Great War mattered somehow for politicians, the press and public opinion in Greece only in the interwar years. During that period, discourse about the First World War included the echo of traumatic events related to Greek involvement in the war (such as the surrender of Fort Roupel to Central Powers forces and the bloody clashes of December 1916 in Athens after the landing of Entente troops) and the efforts to erect war memorials as a tribute to the sacrifice of fallen soldiers, both Greeks and foreigners. At the same time, the Greek people had the opportunity to learn a lot about the international dimension of the war through newspapers, where translated memoirs of leading wartime figures (of both alliances) were published. After the outbreak of the Second World War, interest in the previous major conflict (including the Greek role in the hostilities) significantly diminished in the country. Taking into consideration the ongoing experience of the centenary manifestations, the author proposes a codification of the main types (existing or potential) of WWI memory in Greece and suggests new ways of approaching this major historical event. The final chapter addresses some possible causes of the troublesome relation of Greeks with the First World
War, which is mainly due to the very particular circumstances of Greek involvement in the war and the determining role of later historical events that overshadowed memories of the earlier conflict
Robert Gerwarth, The Vanquished. Why the First World War Failed to End, 1917-1923, London, Penguin Books, 2017
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La Grèce à la Une pendant la Grande Guerre
No full textL’étude de la Première Guerre mondiale montre bien que les dirigeants français furent très concernés et particulièrement impliqués dans l’affaire grecque, et qu’il en fut de même pour la presse française, qui montra pour cette conjoncture un intérêt et une curiosité extrêmes. Cette presse constitua le seul vecteur de la propagande durant la guerre et il est remarquable que l’image que l’opinion publique put percevoir de la Grèce et des relations de ce pays avec la France apparaissent homogènes à travers des journaux de tendances politiques variées. D’ailleurs, quand il s’agissait de la Grèce, ce pays sur lequel le public français ne disposait comme source d’information que de la presse, il était plutôt difficile, sinon impossible, de procéder à une lecture sélective des journaux et d’entrevoir les messages occultés de l’information officielle ; c’est pourquoi la campagne que la presse française mena sur les affaires grecques porta ses fruits très tôt et sans difficulté. Notre but est d’étudier la stratégie de cette propagande par la presse française, ainsi que les efforts des dirigeants en France qui, conscients du pouvoir de la presse, utilisèrent ce moyen pour manipuler l’opinion et servir leur politique.The study of the First World War shows clearly that the French leadership was very concerned and particularly involved in the Greek issue; at the same time, the press in France showed extremely big interest in the Greek case, too. Press was the only channel of propaganda in France during the wartime – it is remarkable that the image of Greece and of its relations with France appears have been homogeneous through newspapers of varied political stances. As the public didn’t have any sources of information on Greece other than the press, it was difficult, almost impossible for them to do a selective reading of the papers and to understand the hidden messages of official information channels; that’s why the campaign which the French press conducted on the Greek issue was soon and easily successful. Our aim is to study the strategy of this propaganda undertaken by the French press, as well as the efforts of the French authorities, which, being conscious of the power of press, made the most of it in order to manipulate the public opinion and support their policy.Η μελέτη του πρώτου παγκόμιου πολέμου δείχνει φανερά ότι οι Γάλλοι ηγέτες ενδιαφέρθηκαν πολύ και συμμέτειχαν ιδιαιτέρως στις ελληνικές υποθέσεις, και ότι το ίδιο ισχύει και το γαλλικό τύπο, ο οποίος έδειξε εξαιρετικό ενδιαφέρον και περιέργεια γι’αυτή τη συγκυρία. Αυτός ο τύπος στάθηκε το μοναδικό μέσο διάδοσης της προπαγάνδας και πρέπει να προσέξουμε ότι η μοναδική εικόνα της Ελλάδας και των ελληνο-γαλλικών σχεσέων που έλαβε η κοινή γνώμη στάθηκε σχεδόν η ίδια αναμέσα σε εφημερίδες διαφορετικών πολιτικών τασέων. Εξ άλλου, όταν επρόκειτο για την Ελλάδα, αυτή η χώρα για την οποία το γαλλικό κοινό δεν είχε άλλη πηγή πληροφοριών, ήταν δύσκολο, αν όχι αδύνατο, να διαλέγει κανείς αναμέσα στις εφημερίδες και να πιάσει τα μηνύματα κρυμμένα από τις επίσημες πληροφοριές. Έτσι βεβαίως η εκστρατεία που έγινε στο γαλλικό τύπο για τις ελληνικές υποθέσεις, καρποφόρησε νωρίς και χωρίς δυσκολίες. Ο σκοπός μας είναι να μελετήσουμε τη στρατηγική αυτής της προπαγάνδας που εφάρμοσε ο γαλλικός τύπος, και τις προσπάθειες των Γάλλων ηγετών που, έχοντας πλήρη συνείδηση της εξουσίας του τύπου, χρησιμοποίησαν αυτό το μέσο για να χειραγωγήσουν τη γνώμη και να εξυπηρετήσουν την πολιτική τους
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Introduction
No full textRien ne pèse autant que la mémoire ! Maintenant que le siècle, qui a débuté avec la Première Guerre mondiale, a pris fin, son histoire et sa valeur peuvent aujourd’hui être examinées avec le recul nécessaire. Les décennies si denses qui l’ont suivi ont complètement bouleversé les réalités géopolitiques, sociales, financières et économiques mondiales. Une seconde Guerre mondiale, l’Holocauste, la guerre froide et de nombreux conflits, mais aussi l’amélioration de nos conditions de vie, les pro..
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