152 research outputs found
Determination and potential importance of diterpene (kaur-16-ene) emitted from dominant coniferous trees in Japan
No full textReactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are known to affect atmospheric chemistry. Biogenic VOCs (BVOCs) have a significant impact on regional air quality due to their large emission rates and high reactivities. Diterpenes (most particularly, kaur-16-ene) were detected in all of the 205 enclosure air samples collected over multiple seasons at two different sites from Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa trees, the dominant coniferous trees in Japan,. The emission rate of kaur-16-ene, was determined to be from 0.01 to 7.1 μg dwg^[-1] h^[-1] (average: 0.61 μg dwg^[-1] h^[-1]) employing branch enclosure measurements using adsorbent sampling followed by solid phase-liquid extraction techniques. The emission rate was comparable to that of monoterpenes, which is known major BVOC emissions, collected from the same branches. In addition, total emission of kaur-16-ene at 30℃ was estimated to exceed that of total anthropogenic VOC emissions
Organic chromium supplementation in the diet of three porcine genotypes with different growth potential: effects on growth, metabolites, hormones and carcass traits
No full textChromium (Cr) potentiates insulin, influences the weight gain composition and carcass through changes in metabolites and hormones. The aim was to analyze the performance, carcasses, metabolites and hormones of three porcine genotypes, G1=Mexican Hairless (MH) x Yorkshire, G2=Asian x MH and G3=Asian x Yorkshire, males and females with dietary Cr-L Methionine (Cr-Met) (0.250 mg kg-1 DM). The experimental design was completely randomized factorial (3-genotypes x 2-sex x 2-Cr levels). The fattening with 84 pigs, live weight (LW)=20.65±0.68 kg, lasted 126 days, and were slaughtered. Thirty-six pigs were sampled to analyze metabolites and hormones in blood. The G1 ingested more (P=0.04) total and daily dry matter (DMTI, DDMI). G2 and G3, and Cr-Met improved daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion (FC) (P=0.05). Cr-Met reduced glucose (P=0.05). Genotype, sex and Cr-Met did not affect hormone levels (P>0.05). G3 and Cr-Met increased HCW and CCW; Cr-Met reduced back fat (BF) (P=0.05). We concluded that G2 and G3 had better DWG and FC; Cr-Met improved DWG and FC. Cholesterol was different between genotypes and sexes; Cr-Met reduced the glucose level. The levels of hormones were similar. The HCW and CCW of G2 and G3, sows and Cr-Met were higher; Cr-Met reduced the BF12thR.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
Effects of CDS and drying temperature on the flowability behavior of DDGS
No full textDue to increasing demand for alternative fuels and theneed to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, the growth of bioethanol production has been rising. One of the problems facing this industry is transportation of the coproduct dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) over long distances, because caking and agglomeration between particles can lead to bulk flow problems. In this study, DDGS was prepared by combining condensed distillers solubles (CDS) and distillers wet grains (DWG) and then oven drying to achieve 8% (db) moisture content. The effects of drying temperature (100, 200, and 300°C) and CDS (10, 15, and 20%wb ) level on the resulting flowability behavior of the DDGS particles were investigated. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences (α = 0.05, 95% confidence level) due to drying temperature and CDS main effects and significant interaction effects between CDS level and drying temperature for many of the flow parameters. Surface regression analysis of the ratio of total flow index/Jenike flow function as a function of CDS and drying temperature resulted in an R 2 value of 0.94. Partial least squares (PLS) regression yielded an R 2 of 0.90 for the Jenike flow function index as a function of all flow and physical properties using only two multivariate components. Understanding the effects of varying drying temperatures and CDS levels can help guide efforts to overcome DDGS flowability problems
The effects of water temperature on the survival, feeding, and growth of the juveniles of Anguilla marmorata and A. bicolor pacifica
No full textIn this study, we identified the effects of water temperatures on the survival, feeding, and growth of the juveniles of Anguilla marmorata and Anguilla bicolor pacifica which have been commercially cultured in southeastern China in recent years. Twelve groups of each species, each group of 20, were reared in 12 105-l tanks for 45 days at six water temperature levels of 8, 13, 18, 23, 28 and 33 degrees C (one level two groups). The results showed that A. marmorata all died within 10 days at 8 degrees C and most died at 13 degrees C, but survived normally at temperature of >= 18 degrees C. A. bicolor pacifica all died within 9 days at 8 degrees C and 20 days at 13 degrees C, and partly died at 18 degrees C and 23 degrees C, but survived normally at temperature of 28 degrees C and 33 degrees C during experiment. The maximum feeding rates of both species occurred at temperature of 33 degrees C, being 2.23 +/- 0.10 % day(-1) for A. marmorata and 2.41 +/- 0.06 % day(-1) for A. bicolor pacifica. However, the maximum feed conversion rates occurred at 28 degrees C, being 54.79 +/- 7.54 % for A. marmorata and 71.35 +/- 1.85 % for A. bicolor pacifica. The maximum daily weight gains (DWG) of both species, 2.63 +/- 0.12 g day(-1) for A. bicolor pacifica and 1.19 +/- 0.38 g day(-1) for A. marmorata, were also achieved at 28 degrees C with initial and final mean body weights of 5.62 +/- 0.30 g and 11.59 +/- 0.03 g for the former and 4.97 +/- 0.36 g and 7.18 +/- 0.80 g for the latter. The DWG of A. bicolor pacifica was significantly higher (P = 18 degrees C. A. bicolor pacifica all died within 9 days at 8 degrees C and 20 days at 13 degrees C, and partly died at 18 degrees C and 23 degrees C, but survived normally at temperature of 28 degrees C and 33 degrees C during experiment. The maximum feeding rates of both species occurred at temperature of 33 degrees C, being 2.23 +/- 0.10 % day(-1) for A. marmorata and 2.41 +/- 0.06 % day(-1) for A. bicolor pacifica. However, the maximum feed conversion rates occurred at 28 degrees C, being 54.79 +/- 7.54 % for A. marmorata and 71.35 +/- 1.85 % for A. bicolor pacifica. The maximum daily weight gains (DWG) of both species, 2.63 +/- 0.12 g day(-1) for A. bicolor pacifica and 1.19 +/- 0.38 g day(-1) for A. marmorata, were also achieved at 28 degrees C with initial and final mean body weights of 5.62 +/- 0.30 g and 11.59 +/- 0.03 g for the former and 4.97 +/- 0.36 g and 7.18 +/- 0.80 g for the latter. The DWG of A. bicolor pacifica was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than A. marmorata at 28 degrees C and 33 degrees C. The specific growth rates of both species were positively correlated to water temperature (P < 0.01). The optimal growth temperature is estimated to be 27.6 degrees C for A. marmorata and 30.1 degrees C for A. bicolor pacifica. We conclude that A. marmorata and A. bicolor pacifica survive and grow better at water temperature of 28-33 degrees C than that of <= 23 degrees C. A. bicolor pacifica are more sensitive to low water temperature (<= 23 degrees C) than A. marmorata, but grow faster. Our results indicate that both species are suitable for commercial aquaculture, however the water temperature should be controlled relative higher. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved
Sex-specific regulation of chemokine Cxcl5/6 controls neutrophil recruitment and tissue injury in acute inflammatory states
No full textThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Barts and The London Trustees Studentship (SM), Marie Curie fellowships (MB, JD), Arthritis Research UK career development fellowship (JW), William Harvey Research Foundation grant (JW/RSS), Kidney Research UK fellowship (NSAP), Barts and The London Vacation Scholarship (ISN), Wellcome Trust senior fellowship (DWG), and a Wellcome Trust career development fellowship (RSS). This work forms part of the research themes contributing to the translational research portfolio of Barts and The London Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, which is supported and funded by National Institute for Health Researc
The Insulator Protein SU(HW) Fine-Tunes Nuclear Lamina Interactions of the Drosophila Genome
No full textSpecific interactions of the genome with the nuclear lamina (NL) are thought to assist chromosome folding inside the nucleus and to contribute to the regulation of gene expression. High-resolution mapping has recently identified hundreds of large, sharply defined lamina-associated domains (LADs) in the human genome, and suggested that the insulator protein CTCF may help to demarcate these domains. Here, we report the detailed structure of LADs in Drosophila cells, and investigate the putative roles of five insulator proteins in LAD organization. We found that the Drosophila genome is also organized in discrete LADs, which are about five times smaller than human LADs but contain on average a similar number of genes. Systematic comparison to new and published insulator binding maps shows that only SU(HW) binds preferentially at LAD borders and at specific positions inside LADs, while GAF, CTCF, BEAF-32 and DWG are mostly absent from these regions. By knockdown and overexpression studies we demonstrate that SU(HW) weakens genome – NL interactions through a local antagonistic effect, but we did not obtain evidence that it is essential for border formation. Our results provide insights into the evolution of LAD organization and identify SU(HW) as a fine-tuner of genome – NL interactions.BiotechnologyApplied Science
Surveys at Davis and surrounds during the 2016/17 field season
No full textProgress Code: completedSurveyors Matthew Lawrence and Michael Raymont of the Australian Defence Force carried out a number of surveys at Davis and surrounds during the 2016/17 field season. <br/>This work included:<br/>(i) Surveying in support of Australian Antarctic Project 5097 which aimed to provide geotechnical and preliminary environmental data to assist in decisions on site selection for a potential Year Round Aviation Access runway near Davis. These surveys were carried out at Heidemann Valley and a ridge area north of Heidemann Valley.<br/>(ii) Surveys of two designated areas at Davis and high voltage electrical cables between Davis and Heidemann Valley.<br/>(iii) Surveys at the Davis Plateau Ski Landing Area.<br/><br/>The final survey data is in 12daz and dwg formats. The raw GNSS data is also included in the dataset.<br/>Details about the surveys are given in survey reports
Surveys at Mawson November 2018
No full textProgress Code: completedThe Australian Antarctic Division's Infrastructure Project 5135 required terrestrial surveys at Mawson to inform decision making about mooring bollard locations. The surveying was done by LCPL Brad Smart and LCPL Mathew Van Rees Hoets of the Australian Defence Force from 11 to 21 November 2018. The data will be used in conjunction with hydrographic survey data collected in early 2019 by the Australian Hydrographic Service.<br/><br/>Some features were also surveyed for the Australian Antarctic Division's Infrastructure section:<br/>(i) the optical fibre cable conduit above and below ground between the ANARESAT equipment building and the Workshop; <br/>(ii) the waste treatment plant and the infrastructure and terrain to the north-west of the plant.<br/><br/>The final survey data is in 12da and dwg formats. Raw data is included.<br/>Details about the survey are given in a survey report
A research towards completing the asset information life cycle: An analysis of the relationships between data exchange, BIM and the asset life cycle and the solutions to overcome existing issues at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol.
No full textThis thesis research for the Master of Science programme Geographical Information Management and Applications looks at the possibilities of completing the asset information life cycle at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. Therefor an analysis was made of the current situation, after a literature research was conducted towards the subjects of data exchange and Building Information Modelling (BIM). The insights in data exchange principles are needed to understand the potential problems in completing the asset information life cycle. At the moment as-built information is delivered to SGIS, but not re-used in new projects. The most important problems are caused by systems that are not able to communicate with each other and data structures that are different by nature because of its native software. BIM is a topic that currently gets much attention in the world of design and construction. From their perspective BIM deals with another way of executing design and construction, where collaboration and integration are the key words. In practice BIM has a broader scope and can be defined as, being a process in which relevant actors collaborate on creating, analysing and managing multiple dimension data within a dynamic model representing one or more assets throughout its/their life cycle. For this thesis research the new data model for asset information at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, Schiphol GIS or SGIS, was analysed. SGIS replaces four other systems that contained all asset information at Schiphol, but that also contained double and inconsistent information. With SGIS these problems must belong to the past. The data model mostly contains 2D or 2½D data of all assets, including the most relevant information on the asset. SGIS also communicates, or will do so within two years, with three other systems that as a complex are the back bone of the asset management process at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. There are currently two problems with completing the asset information life cycle. The first problem is getting the information from the 3D model to SGIS. To solve this problem a workflow is suggested. This workflow includes an export to the open standard IFC from the original 3D AEC modelling software. A small addition to SGIS has to be made therefor, to be able to support the 3D geometries that are coming from that software. The second problem is to get the information back from the operations and maintenance phase to a new design phase. Currently the most optimal solution seems to re-use the received IFC file and to add a DWG containing the changed geometries. Thereby it needs to be mentioned that the multi-patch objects from SGIS will be exploded to individual faces. The preferred solution would have been to work from one central (spatial) database, but that is technically not possible yet. The problems are caused by the fact that AEC (3D modelling) software and GIS do not share a common geometric data model. Additionally it needs to be researched what the actual information demand is for the design phase. In the current situation information gets lost after the exchange from construction to operations and maintenance, because the information need in those phases is less detailed. With the suggested solutions and changes/additions to SGIS it is possible to complete the asset information life cycle for Schiphol and the relevant stakeholders and main-contractors. An inventory of the necessary resources to plan these changes still needs to be made.GIS TechnologyOTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen
Live-cell imaging RNAi screen identifies PP2A–B55α and importin-β1 as key mitotic exit regulators in human cells
No full textAuthor Posting. © The Authors, 2010. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature Cell Biology 12 (2010): 886-893, doi:10.1038/ncb2092.When vertebrate cells exit mitosis, they reorganize various cellular structures to build functional
interphase cells1. This depends on Cdk1 inactivation and subsequent dephosphorylation of its
substrates2-4. Members of PP1 and PP2A phosphatase families can dephosphorylate Cdk1
substrates in biochemical extracts during mitotic exit5, 6, but how this relates to postmitotic
reassembly of interphase structures in intact cells is not known. Here, we used a live imaging
assay to screen by RNAi a genome-wide library of protein phosphatases for mitotic exit
functions in human cells. We identified a trimeric PP2A-B55α complex as a key factor for
postmitotic reassembly of the nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, and decondensed
chromatin, as well as for mitotic spindle breakdown. Using a chemically-induced mitotic exit
assay, we found that PP2A-B55α functions downstream of Cdk1 inactivation. PP2A-B55α
isolated from mitotic cells had reduced phosphatase activity towards the Cdk1 substrate histone
H1 and it was hyper-phosphorylated on all subunits. Mitotic PP2A complexes co-purified with
the nuclear transport factor Importin β1, and RNAi depletion of Importin β1 delayed mitotic
exit synergistically with PP2A-B55α. This demonstrates that PP2A-B55α and Importin
β1 cooperate in the regulation of postmitotic assembly mechanisms in human cells.This work was supported by SNF
research grant 3100A0-114120, SNF ProDoc grant PDFMP3_124904, a European Young Investigator
(EURYI) award of the European Science Foundation to DWG, and a MBL Summer Research
Fellowship by the Evelyn and Melvin Spiegel Fund to DWG, a Roche Ph.D. fellowship to MHAS, and
a Mueller fellowship of the Molecular Life Sciences Ph.D. program Zurich to MH. MH and MHAS
are fellows of the Zurich Ph.D. Program in Molecular Life Sciences. VJ and JG were supported by
grants of the ‘Geconcerteerde OnderzoeksActies’ of the Flemish government, the ‘Interuniversitary
Attraction Poles’ of the Belgian Science Policy P6/28 and the ‘Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk
Onderzoek-Vlaanderen’. AIL is a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow. AAH acknowledges
funding by the Max Planck Society, the EU-FP6 integrated project MitoCheck, and the BMBF grant
DiGtoP [01GS0859]. Work in the groups of KM and JMP was supported by the EU-FP6 integrated
project MitoCheck, Boehringer Ingelheim and by the GEN-AU programme of the Austrian Federal
Ministry of Science and Research (Austrian Proteomics Platform III), by MeioSys within the Seventh
Framework Programme of the European Commission, and by Chromosome Dynamics, which is
funded by the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF)
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