42 research outputs found
Meloidogyne minor
No full textMeloidogyne minor (Figs 1–6) MEASUREMENTS See Table 1. ......continued on the next pagePublished as part of Zhao, Zeng Qi, Ho, Wellcome, Griffin, Ruth, Surrey, Michael, Taylor, Robert, Aalders, Lee T., Bell, Nigel L., Xu, Yu Mei & Alexander, Brett J. R., 2017, First record of the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne minor in New Zealand with description, sequencing information and key to known species of Meloidogyne in New Zealand, pp. 203-218 in Zootaxa 4231 (2) on page 205, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4231.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/29127
FIGURE 2 in First record of the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne minor in New Zealand with description, sequencing information and key to known species of Meloidogyne in New Zealand
No full textFIGURE 2. Light microscope photographs of Meloidogyne minor. Female. A–D: Perineal patterns (phasmids arrowed). (Scale bars: A–D = 10 µm)Published as part of Zhao, Zeng Qi, Ho, Wellcome, Griffin, Ruth, Surrey, Michael, Taylor, Robert, Aalders, Lee T., Bell, Nigel L., Xu, Yu Mei & Alexander, Brett J. R., 2017, First record of the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne minor in New Zealand with description, sequencing information and key to known species of Meloidogyne in New Zealand, pp. 203-218 in Zootaxa 4231 (2) on page 208, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4231.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/29127
New Chemical Notification Laws in Japan, the United States and the European Union, Ch.11
No full textPlant parasitic nematode survival and detection to inform biosecurity risk assessment
No full textVolume: 36Start Page: 1End Page: 1
'You who were called the uncircumcision by the circumcision’ a study of Jewish attitudes toward the gentiles and ethnic reconciliation according to eph. 2.1-22
No full textThe present work is a study of the connections between Jewish attitudes toward the Gentiles and ethnic reconciliation according to Eph. 2. It begins by assessing previous scholarly tradition whose hermeneutical 'grid' has been derived from the philosophy of dialectics or the Protestant Reformation. The 'new perspective(s) on Paul', however, shifts our perspective back to first century Judaism and enables us to penetrate fully into the historical context of first century Jews and Judaism. We have taken pains to describe some of the relevant Jewish features and demonstrated them by focusing particularly on Eph. 2 and attempting to set it as fully as possible into its historical context. The uncontroversial a priori of Jewish context conceals many explosive issues: how much was our author influenced by Jewish ideas? Does he wish to speak about his Gentile addressees from a Jewish perspective? Does his status as a Jew also create for him a convenient 'pre-text' so that he could reiterate the perspective of other Jews about the Gentiles in his representation of it? These questions are addressed in this study. We have paid attention to the question of 'representation' or characterization and suggested that ethnography provides a way into the author's statements about the Gentiles: it aids die author to heighten the boundary between Jews and Gentiles and to underscore the negative valence which is attached to the Gentiles. The author's ethnographic statements enable us to show the way in which the language of 'powers' had become for our author a means of dividing human groups, establishing the differences between them and suggesting wherein their 'otherness' lies (Eph. 2.2). These statements and the negative verdict which the author passes on the Gentiles represent but a preamble to the author’s arduous effort to surmount the social distance between Jews and Gentiles. This is made most evident in his rhetoric of admission and conciliation in which he lays bare the fact that the Jews (himself included) were in no better position than the Gentiles who are 'sub-let' to the 'powers', although the idea of Israel’s status was never put in question (2.3). His aim is to evoke the need for the promptings of divine grace and love toward humankind (2.4-10). We also seek to show that Ephesians does not consist of a polemic against meritorious works. We have taken pains to demonstrate that the author of Ephesians has adopted a subtle approach in unraveling the exclusivistic Jewish attitudes toward the Gentiles. His characterization of the Gentiles reveals a distinctively Jewish perspective, and, more importantly, tells us much about the Jews (2.1 l-13a). We also show that the Gentiles were estranged by the Jews and that the estrangement can be best explained by die hypothesis that the Gentiles were perceived by die Jews through the 'grid' of covenantal ethnocentrism. The task of the author at this point is to exhibit his de-constructive strategy which provides a resolution to one of the thorniest issues regarding two ethnic groups: can Jew and Gentile, the two estranged human groups, be one {people of God)l And if so, howl We then go on to consider the way in which an exclusive, ethnic-oriented 'body politic of Israel' is transposed into an inclusive community-body. We pointed out that a major weakness with previous treatments of Ephesians has been a lack of appreciation for the close connections between die exclusive Jewish attitudes toward die Gentiles and the author's encomiastic statements about Christ (2.14-18). Previous scholarship has also been substantially hampered by its attempt to 'discover' a preformed material in Eph. 2.14-18, failing to recognise the discussion in Eph. 2.11-13 which sets the parameters for understanding Eph. 2.14-22. Rather than a 'parenthesis' or 'digression', which is tangential to the primary design of die author's argument, we suggested that Eph. 2.14-18 can be best read as an amplificatio through which the author has set in comparison with the magnanimity of Christ the Jewish attitudes toward the Gentiles (w. llb-12). What becomes immediately clear in his attempt to accentuate Christ's magnanimity toward humankind is that this attempt was prompted by the Jewish tendency to exclude. The author maximises the expedient, noble act of Christ who brings peace to an estranged humanity and surmounts the social distance between Jews and Gentiles, and whose death has in his perception provided a new framework, i.e. pax Christi within which mutual acceptance or 'the oneness of spirit' between Jews and Gentiles may then be filled out (v. 18; cf. 4.1-6). Such community- enhancing metaphors as 'one new man', 'one body' and 'one spirit' signalled the importance of and were introduced to put the exclusive Jewish 'body politic' and Jewish conception about humankind in question, but they never question the legitimacy of Israel as God's choice or replace Israel. Some vital implications of Christ's reconciling work for the Christian Gentiles and, not least, for their relation to Israel are considered in the penultimate chapter of this study. Two major topoi from ancient political theorists and from the Jewish Temple are introduced by the author to surmount the 'us- them' divisions, to forge the idea of sameness and to consolidate a close relationship of Gentiles with other members of an inclusivistic community. Although die author could readily suggest that Gentiles have become fellow-citizens with 'Israel' (2.19; cf. 2.12), he nevertheless refrained from making this suggestion. The fact is that the meaning of Israel had been hijacked, transcoded and turned into an etimically-based 'body politic' (). But with 'die holy ones' (2.19), the author can redefine the relationship of die Gentiles to die Israel of God afresh. We round off our present study by considering the implications which our present study may have for future research on Ephesians
Investigation into the contrasting production of eight perennial clover cultivars in the first two years at field sites in Waikato and Canterbury
No full textThe persistence, productivity and pest susceptibility of eight perennial clover cultivars were compared over two years in pasture at two contrasting sites: a dryland cattle-grazed pasture on a pathogenic soil in Waikato and an irrigated Canterbury dairy pasture. The cultivars selected were four white clovers (Trifolium repens L.) (Grasslands Kopu II, Grasslands Mainstay, SF Quest and Weka), two red clovers (T. pratense L.) (Grasslands Relish, Rubitas), a strawberry clover (T. fragiferum) cv. Palestine and the Caucasian (T. ambiguum M. Bieb.) × white clover hybrid cv. Aberlasting. Grasslands Relish outperformed all other clovers at both sites and was associated with the fewest root-damaging nematodes. Both red clovers were less susceptible to insect pests than the white clovers, but Rubitas was vulnerable to nematodes and root disease at Ruakura. The poorest performing clover at both sites was Aberlasting, which was the most susceptible clover in all pest and disease measures. The four white clovers and strawberry clover performed similarly across most measures. An assay comparing on soils taken from each site showed that clover seedlings grown in pasteurised Waikato soil were almost ten times larger than those in the non-pasteurised soil whereas pasteurisation made no significant difference with the Canterbury soil
Investigation of the role of t(4;6) and 6q15 deletion in prostate cancer development and progression
No full textPhDThe recent identification of TMPRSS2:ETS gene fusions highlighted the importance of chromosomal rearrangement and fusion gene development in prostate tumourigenesis. We previously reported a recurrent translocation, t(4;6), in prostate cancer (PCa) with the breakpoints identified at 4q22 and 6q15 in the LNCaP cell line. A small deletion adjacent to the 6q15 breakpoint was found, which is consistent with the frequently lost chromosome region previously reported and detected by our micro-array analysis. Here I accessed the prevalence of the t(4;6)(q22;q15) and the 6q15 deletion and also looked for relevant candidate tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) in PCa. Using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis, t(4;6)(q22;q15) was detected in 78 of 667 clinical, localised PCa samples. Statistical analysis showed it was not independently associated with patient outcome but occurred more frequently in high clinical T stage, high tumour volume specimens and in those with high baseline PSA (prostate-specific antigen) (P=0.001, 0.001 and 0.01 respectively). We hypothesised that both t(4;6)(q22;q15) and the 6q15 deletion contribute to the inactivation of TSGs at 6q15, which are associated with PCa development and progression. Therefore I investigated the TSGs located in this region. Using FISH analysis, this deletion was confirmed in 46% (13 in 28) of the PCa samples. Using Exon array to systematically detect inactivated genes in this region, four candidate genes, CNR1, PNRC1, GJA10 and BACH2 were identified with common down-regulation. The real-time PCR analysis validated these exon array results. However, with additional controls and clinical cancer samples, only two genes (CNR1 and BACH2) still showed significant down-regulation. CNR1 protein expression was absent in 76.8% (43 in 56) of PCa cases whereas its
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expression was shown in 83.9% (26 in 31) of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) samples as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis (p<0.001). In contrast, cytoplasmic expression of BACH2 was slightly less in the examined PCa cases (14.0%, 12 in 86) compared with BPH samples (6.9%, 2 in 29). However, nuclear expression of BACH2 was significantly higher in prostate cancer cases (45.3%) than it was in BPH samples (10.3%) (p=0.001). Five of the 43 PCa samples without CNR1 expression were selected for sequencing and one of the five samples had insertion in the CNR1 genomic DNA. The cellular function study of PCa cell lines indicated that the CNR1 might function as a tumour suppressor involved in cell proliferation and invasion. In conclusion, both t(4;6)(4q22;6q15) and the 6q15 deletion are frequent events and the gene CNR1 is a candidate TSG at this deletion region in PCa
Supplementary material 3 from: McNeill MR, Phillips CB, Richards NK, Aalders LT, van Koten C, James TK, Young SD, Bell NL, Laugraud A (2023) Defining the biosecurity risk posed by soil found on sea freight. NeoBiota 88: 103-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.88.98440
No full textAnalysis of shipping container data onl
Killing of organisms responsible for wound infections using a light-activated antimicrobial agent
No full textInfected wounds are a major cause of hospital-acquired infections and these
are difficult to treat due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This
project is concerned with evaluating a novel antimicrobial approach involving
the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) which generates reactive oxygen
species when irradiated with near-infrared (NIR) light which enables good
tissue penetration. The photo-susceptibility of common wound-infecting
organisms to ICG coupled with NIR-light was investigated. All species were
susceptible to killing. ICG at a concentration of 25 μg/mL enabled the killing of
the Gram-positive species (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus
pyogenes), higher concentrations (100-200μg/mL) were necessary to achieve
substantial kills of the Gram-negative species (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
Escherichia coli). Both high and low fluences were able to kill 99.999% of the
Gram-positive bacteria. High fluence irradiation was necessary to kill 99.99%
of the Gram-negative bacteria. The pulsed-mode of irradiation was as effective
as the continuous-mode for killing the Gram-positive species. Yet only the
continuous-mode of irradiation was able to kill P. aeruginosa. Biofilms of
Staph. aureus and P. aeruginosa were susceptible to disruption and killing by
ICG-photosensitization. A significant enhancement of lethal photosensitization
of Staph. aureus was achievable using gold-nanoparticles and antioxidants.
Significant kills (>99%) were achieved in the presence of serum and 100 μg/mL
ICG. A low oxygen concentration reduced the kills to 96.77% and 71.62% for
Staph. aureus and Strep. pyogenes respectively. Mechanistic studies
revealed that killing was mediated mainly by reactive-oxygen species.
In vivo studies in mice showed that ICG and continuous-NIR light could achieve
kills of 96%, 93% and 78-91% for P. aeruginosa, Strep. pyogenes and Staph.
aureus respectively.
The results of these in vitro and in vivo studies imply that ICG-PDT could be an
effective means of decreasing the microbial burden in wounds
Theoretical investigation of measuring cerebral blood flow in the adult human head using bolus indocyanine green injection and near-infrared spectroscopy
No full textTo investigate the accuracy of measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) using a bolus injection of indocyanine green (ICG) detected by near infrared spectroscopy in adult human heads, simulations were performed using a two layered model, representing the extracerebral and intracerebral layers. Modelled optical data were converted into tissue ICG concentration using either the one detector modified Beer Lambert law (MBLL) method, or the two detector partial pathlength (PPL) method. CBFs were estimated using deconvolution and blood flow index techniques respectively. Using the MBLL method, CBFs were significantly underestimated but the PPL method improved their accuracy and robustness, especially when used as relative measures. Dispersion of the arterial input function also affected the CBF estimates
