1,720,964 research outputs found
Exploring Factors Affecting Physicians’ Behavior to Use Breast Cancer Core Measures: The Perspective of Theory of Planned Behavior
過去有許多國內外文獻討論照護指標的使用,對於病患的照護過程以及照護結果的影響,並且討論指標是否被使用的原因,然而,以醫師本身的態度及行為作為主要探討對象的研究,仍不多見。因此,本研究嘗試使用計畫行為理論作為醫師行為之研究架構,討論醫師之態度、主觀規範以及知覺行為控制如何影響醫師之行為意向及運用現況,作為未來推行醫護人員應用照護指標之參考。
本研究使用結構式問卷,以橫斷式問卷調查,從國內參與癌症登記與通過癌症品質認證的醫院中立意取樣了與乳癌照護相關的醫師做為研究對象,人數以願意回覆之醫生為主,無設定上限及下限人數,從2010年六月至十月底,共回收187份醫師問卷(回收率33.7%)做為資料分析來源,研究使用結構方程模式作為分析方法來討論影響醫師參考及應用台灣乳癌核心測量指標之影響因素。
在研究結果方面,分析發現,大部分計畫行為理論的構面之間皆有顯著相關,並且醫師的背景特質也對於其使用指標的行為有顯著的影響,而透過結構方程模式的分析結果可以得知,想要使醫師產生使用乳癌核心測量指標之行為,必須先使其產生行為意向,而行為意向又受態度、主觀規範以及知覺行為控制所影響,尤以態度影響較為明顯。
根據研究結果,如何讓醫師願意使用已建立之醫療指引,政府或主管機關應該要建立一個完全支持的環境,不管在人、事、物方面,整體改變醫師對臨床指引之態度、主觀規範及所感受到之知覺行為控制,才能夠有效的透過其行為意向,進而影響醫師行為,達到進而提升癌症照護品質之目的。Many references are discussing both the influence of application of clinical indicators on the process and outcome of patient care, and whether physicians’ choice on the application of those indicators. However, only few studies discussed the physicians’ attitude and behavior. This study attempts to apply Theory of Planned Behavior for understanding the relationship among the physicians’ attitude, subjective norm, perceived control, the physicians’ intention and behavior to use the breast cancer core measure set in Taiwan. We expected this study can provide an effective model for medical professionals an evidence to put the theory and principles into practice.
The study proceeds cross-sectional survey by using structured questionnaire. This study purposeful sampled the physicians in breast cancer who work in the hospital that passed the cancer quality certification as the study object. It is voluntary base with no limit of cancer care physician numbers in each hospital. The completed response questionnaires were included for analysis in the study with the collection period from June to October, 2011. There are 187 physicians involved into the research with response rate of 33.7 percent. Structural equation model was applied to elaborate the factors of influencing physician’s intention and behavior in applying core measure indicators of breast cancer.
The result shows that almost every dimensions of the theory have significant relationship between each other. In addition, the characteristics of physicians also affect their behavior. Through the structural equation model, if we want to make physicians imply the core measure set we must make them have intention to do it. Physician’s intention was affected by attitude, subjective norms, and perceived control, where attitude was the most influential factor.
As the result, government could establish a totally supportive environment in hospital from whatever resources to facilitate the medical professionals to use the already built clinical guidelines and change their attitude, subjective norms, and perceived control. In other words, only through improving the awareness of the attitude during physicians’ school time, or refer users’ opinion to modify the guidelines properly, we can effectively change the physician’s behavior to serve the purpose in improving cancer care quality
Relationships among Quality of Nursing Work Life, Nurses’ Intention to Leave and Nurses''Turnover
背景:國際護理協會2009年調查護理人員的期待與需求顯示臺灣的護理工作環境欠佳,護理工作環境欠佳致使護理人員流動率高,臺灣護理人員的年流動率為20%。護理工作生活品質在護理人員的流動上扮演一個重要的角色,尚未有文獻探討護理工作生活品質與護理人員確實離職間的直接和間接關係。
目的:本研究目的主要有兩個,分別是(1)探討護理工作生活品質與三種離職發生(離開工作單位、離開工作機構與離開護理專業)的直接關係以及(2)探討三種離職傾向(離開工作單位的傾向、離開工作機構的傾向以及離開護理專業的傾向)與護理工作生活品質及三種離職發生的中介作用。
設計:本研究屬於縱貫面的研究設計,追蹤同一群護理人員一年後離職發生的情況。
方法:在2012年及2013年於臺灣中部七家急性醫院,以立意取樣的方式選擇研究對象。樣本納入條件是所有輪三班執行第一線臨床照護的護理人員,排除對象是試用期內的新進護理人員及護理長以上的護理管理階層及非輪三班單位的護理人員,人數共1,283位,一年後追蹤人數為1,231位,流失率為4.1 %。研究工具共有四種:第一種是中文版護理工作生活品質量表;第二種是護理人員離職傾向量表;第三種是護理人員實際去留狀況紀錄表;第四種是護理人員個人屬性變項與工作相關變項。以IBM SPSS 20.0英文版統計軟體分析,以描述性統計呈現個人屬性變項與工作相關變項、護理工作生活品質、離職傾向、離職發生的分布情形,再以卡方檢定及t檢定、二元邏輯斯迴歸分析、累積邏輯斯迴歸模型檢驗護理工作生活品質、離職傾向與離職間的關係。
結果:護理人員的平均年齡為29.2歲(標準差4.94)、平均工作年資為6.57年(標準差4.94),護理工作生活品質單題平均值得分最高的前三名分別為”對我而言,與同事間的友誼是重要的”、”我覺得我是工作團隊的一份子”及”我覺得在我的工作場合有團隊合作”, 而單題平均值得分最低的後三名分別為”工作場合,安排很多課程,佔用太多休息時間”、”在我每天工作的常規中,我受到許多干擾”及”工作場合,基本的休假天數無法完全安排”。護理人員離開工作單位或離開工作機構或離開護理專業的傾向分別為45%、51.8%及58.5%,一年後離開工作單位或離開工作機構或離開護理專業則分別為8.7%、7.6%及2.5%,「整體護理工作生活品質」、「工作生活與家庭生活平衡」工作生活品質構面可預測一年後護理人員離開工作單位;「整體護理工作生活品質」可預測一年後護理人員離開工作機構;「尊重與自主的環境」工作生活品質構面可預測一年後護理人員離開護理專業;護理人員離開工作單位的傾向是「整體護理工作生活品質」及六個工作生活品質構面:「安全、專業認同、支持的環境」、「工作安排與工作量」、「工作生活與家庭生活平衡」、「護理主管的管理風格」、「護理人力與病人照護」、「尊重和自主的環境」與護理人員一年後是否離開工作單位的中介變項;護理人員離開工作機構的傾向是四個工作生活品質構面:「工作安排與工作量」、「護理主管的管理風格」、「護理人力與病人照護」、「尊重和自主的環境」與護理人員一年後是否離開工作機構的中介變項;護理人員離開護理專業的傾向是「尊重和自主的環境」與護理人員一年後是否離開護理專業的中介變項。
結論與建議:護理工作生活品質與離職發生有直接關係,離職傾向為護理工作生活品質與離職發生的中介變項。未來研究可以將護理工作生活品質視為自變項或改善工作環境的結果變項或探討與病人照護結果的關係。Background: In a 2009 study by the International Council of Nurses that examined nurses’ expectations and needs globally, the proportion of nurses in Taiwan who believed that nursing work environment was getting worse. The getting worse work environment will lead to nurses highly turnover. The annual turnover rate in Taiwan is 20 %. Quality of work life (QWL) plays a significant role in nurse turnover. However, very limited attention has been given to exploring the direct and indirect relationships between QWL and nurses turnover.
Aims: The purposes of this study were that (1) to explore the direct relationships between QWL and three-type nurses turnover of that to leave units, leave the organization and leave nursing profession, and (2) to explore the indirect relationships among three-type nurses’ intention to leave, which are intention to leave units, intention to leave the organization and intention to leave nurse profession, QWL and three-type nurses turnover.
Designs: The study design was a longitudinal and correlational study. To follow up the same nurses turnover one year latter.
Methods: Participants were recruited using purposive sampling from seven acute care hospitals in central Taiwan at 2012 and 2013. Inclusion criteria were nurses who provided bedside care and worked on three rotating shifts; exclusion criteria were nurses who were still in the probation period. A total of 1,283 questionnaires were delivered to nurses, and 1,231 nurses were follow-up after one year. The loss rate was 4.1 %. Four questionnaires—the Chinese version of the Quality of Nursing Work Life scale, a Intention-to-leave questionnaire, the records of nurses turnover and a demographic questionnaire for individual- and work-related variables—were used for collecting the data. All analyses were conducted with IBM® SPSS® English version 20. We used descriptive analyses to examine individual- and work-related variables, QWL, intention to leave and turnover measures. We performed chi-square tests, t-tests, binary logistic regression and cumulative logistic regression to assess the relationships among QWL, nurses’ intention to leave and nurses turnover.
Results: The mean age of nurses was 29.2 years old (SD = 4.94), with an average service length of 6.57 years (SD = 4.94). The top three ranking of mean of QWL were “friendships with my co-workers are important to me”, “I feel like I belong to the work team”, and “I feel that there is teamwork in my work setting”. The lowest three ranking of mean of QWL were “I have to participate in many lectures which occupy my after work time in my work setting”, “I experience many interruptions in my daily work routine”, and “It difficult for me to arrange my holidays in my work setting”. Nurses’ intentions to leave units, the organization and nursing profession were 45%, 51.8%, 58.5%, and nurses turnover rates were 8.7%, 7.6% and 2.5% after one year, respectively. Total QWL and the QWL of work life/ home life balance can predict nurses leave the units after one year. Total QWL can predict nurses leave the organization after one year. The “milieu of respect and autonomy” QWL can predict nurses leave nursing profession after one year. The mediating effects of intention to leave the units were in the relationships between total QWL, the six QWL dimensions of “supportive milieu with security and professional recognition”,” work arrangement and workload”,” work/ home life balance”,” head nurse’s/ supervisor’s management style”,” nursing staffing and patient care”, and “milieu of respect and autonomy” and nurses leave the units. The mediating effects of intention to leave the organizations were in the relationships between the four QWL dimensions of “work arrangement and workload”,” head nurse’s/ supervisor’s management style”,” nursing staffing and patient care”, and “milieu of respect and autonomy” and nurses leave the organizations. The mediating effect of intention to leave nursing profession was in the relationship between the “milieu of respect and autonomy” QWL dimension and nurses leave nursing profession.
Conclusions and Suggestions: There were direct relationships between QWL and nurses turnover, and there were also mediating effects among QWL, nurses’ intention to leave and nurses turnover. Further researches can be seen QWL as independent variable or the outcome variable to improve the work environment or explore the relationships between QWL and patients care outcomes.目 錄
口試委員會審定書----------------------------------------------------- i
誌謝----------------------------------------------------------------------- ii
中文摘要----------------------------------------------------------------- iii
英文摘要----------------------------------------------------------------- v
目錄----------------------------------------------------------------------- vii
圖目錄-------------------------------------------------------------------- xi
表目錄-------------------------------------------------------------------- xiv
第一章 緒論------------------------------------------------------------ 001
第一節 研究動機與重要性----------------------------------- 001
第二節 研究目的----------------------------------------------- 003
第三節 研究問題----------------------------------------------- 007
第二章 文獻探討------------------------------------------------------ 011
第一節 工作生活品質----------------------------------------- 011
第二節 護理工作環境----------------------------------------- 023
第三節 護理人員離職傾向與離職-------------------------- 029
第四節 工作生活品質與護理人員離職傾向/離職的關係--------------------------------------------------------036
第五節 工作生活品質、護理人員離職傾向與離職的
中介關係---------------------------------------------- 037
第三章 研究方法------------------------------------------------------ 038
第一節 研究設計----------------------------------------------- 038
第二節 研究概念架構圖-------------------------------------- 039
第三節 名詞定義----------------------------------------------- 040
第四節 研究假設----------------------------------------------- 041
第五節 研究場所與對象-------------------------------------- 045
第六節 研究資料收集----------------------------------------- 046
第七節 研究工具----------------------------------------------- 047
第八節 研究工具信效度-------------------------------------- 050
第九節 資料分析----------------------------------------------- 054
第十節 研究倫理----------------------------------------------- 056
第四章 研究結果------------------------------------------------------ 057
第一節 護理人員個人屬性變項、工作相關變項與三種離職發生的差異性分析------------------------------
057
第二節 護理工作生活品質各構面得分情形-------------- 060
第三節 護理人員離職傾向描述性分析-------------------- 065
第四節 護理人員一年後離開工作單位、離開工作機
構或離開護理專業的描述性分析-----------------
067
第五節 護理人員三種離職傾向與一年後三種離開情
況的關係-----------------------------------------------068
第六節 護理工作生活品質在護理人員離開工作單位
的預測--------------------------------------------------070
第七節 護理工作生活品質在護理人員離開工作機構
的預測--------------------------------------------------073
第八節 護理工作生活品質在護理人員離開護理專業
的預測--------------------------------------------------079
第九節 護理人員離開工作單位的傾向在護理工作生
活品質與護理人員離開工作單位的中介作用-- 084
第十節 護理人員離開工作機構的傾向在護理工作生
活品質與護理人員離開工作機構的中介作用-- 101
第十一節 護理人員離開護理專業的傾向在護理工作
生活品質與護理人員離開護理專業的中介作用-------------------------------------------------- 117
第五章 討論------------------------------------------------------------ 134
第一節 護理人員基本資料----------------------------------- 135
第二節 護理工作生活品質----------------------------------- 136
第三節 護理人員離職傾向----------------------------------- 138
第四節 工作生活品質、離職傾向與離職發生的關係
(直接關係)---------------------------------------------
140
第五節 離職傾向在工作生活品質與離職間的中介作
用(間接關係)------------------------------------------
142
第六節 研究方法及研究工具之省思----------------------- 144
第七節 本研究發現與過去研究發現之新意及突破之
處--------------------------------------------------------
145
第六章 結論與建議--------------------------------------------------- 147
第一節 結論----------------------------------------------------- 147
第二節 研究限制----------------------------------------------- 147
第三節 研究貢獻與建議-------------------------------------- 148
參考文獻----------------------------------------------------------------- 151
中文部分----------------------------------------------------------- 151
英文部分----------------------------------------------------------- 151
附錄----------------------------------------------------------------------- 163
附錄一 中文版護理工作生活品質量表--------------------- 163
附錄二 護理人員離職傾向量表------------------------------ 166
附錄三 護理人員個人屬性變項與工作相關變項--------- 167
附錄四 彰化基督教醫院人體試驗委員會新案同意臨床試驗證明書---------------------------------------------
168
附錄五 問卷使用同意書--------------------------------------- 170
圖目錄
圖1 研究概念架構圖-------------------------------------------------- 039
圖2 中介作用的統計分析模型:步驟1及步驟2------------- 084
圖3 中介作用的統計分析模型:步驟3----------------------------- 084
圖4 護理人員離開工作單位的傾向在整體護理工作生活品質
與護理人員離開工作單位中介作用的統計分析模型------
086
圖5 護理人員離開工作單位傾向在安全、專業認同、支持的
環境與護理人員離開工作單位中介作用的統計分析模型
088
圖6 護理人員離開工作單位傾向在工作安排與工作量與護理
人員離開工作單位中介作用的統計分析模型---------------
090
圖7 護理人員離開工作單位傾向在工作生活與家庭生活平衡
與護理人員離開工作單位中介作用的統計分析模型-----
092
圖8 護理人員離開工作單位傾向在護理主管的管理風格與護
理人員離開工作單位中介作用的統計分析模型------------
094
圖9 護理人員離開工作單位傾向在團隊及溝通與護理人員離
開工作單位中介作用的統計分析模型------------------------
096
圖10 護理人員離開工作單位傾向在護理人力與病人照護與
護理人員離開工作單位中介作用的統計分析模型--------
098
圖11 護理人員離開工作單位傾向在尊重和自主的環境與護
理人員離開工作單位中介作用的統計分析模型-----------
100
圖12 護理人員離開工作機構傾向在整體護理工作生活品質
與護理人員離開工作機構中介作用的統計分析模型-----
102
圖13 護理人員離開工作機構傾向在安全、專業認同、支持的
環境與護理人員離開工作機構中介作用的統計分析模型-------------------------------------------------------------------104
圖14 護理人員離開工作機構傾向在工作安排與工作量與護
理人員離開工作機構中介作用的統計分析模型----------
106
圖15 護理人員離開工作機構傾向在工作生活與家庭生活平
衡與護理人員離開工作機構中介作用的統計分析模型-
108
圖16 護理人員離開工作機構傾向在護理主管的管理風格與
護理人員離開工作機構中介作用的統計分析模型-------
110
圖17 護理人員離開工作機構傾向在團隊及溝通與護理人員
離開工作機構中介作用的統計分析模型-------------------
112
圖18 護理人員離開工作機構傾向在護理人力與病人照護與
護理人員離開工作機構中介作用的統計分析模型-------
114
圖19 護理人員離開工作機構傾向在尊重和自主的環境與護
理人員離開工作機構中介作用的統計分析模型----------
116
圖20 護理人員離開護理專業傾向在整體護理工作生活品質
與護理人員離開護理專業中介作用的統計分析模型----
118
圖21 護理人員離開護理專業傾向在安全、專業認同、支持的
環境與護理人員離開護理專業中介作用的統計分析模型-------------------------------------------------------------------120
圖22 護理人員離開護理專業傾向在工作安排與工作量與護
理人員離開護理專業中介作用的統計分析模型----------
122
圖23 護理人員離開護理專業傾向在工作生活與家庭生活平
衡與護理人員離開護理專業中介作用的統計分析模型-
124
圖24 護理人員離開護理專業傾向在護理主管的管理風格與
護理人員離開護理專業中介作用的統計分析模型-------
126
圖25 護理人員離開護理專業傾向在團隊及溝通與護理人員
離開護理專業中介作用的統計分析模型-------------------
128
圖26 護理人員離開護理專業傾向在護理人力與病人照護與
護理人員離開護理專業中介作用的統計分析模型-------
130
圖27 護理人員離開護理專業傾向在尊重和自主的環境與護
理人員離開護理專業中介作用的統計分析模型----------
132
表目錄
表1 Nadler和Lawler統整的工作生活品質意涵演變過程---- 012
表2 護理工作生活品質的定義性特徵--------------------------- 021
表3 專業的護理執業環境、正向的執業環境及磁吸醫院構
面比較------------------------------------------------------------
027
表4 資料分析一欄表------------------------------------------------ 054
表5 個人屬性變項、工作相關變項與護理人員離開工作單位、離開工作機構及離開護理專業的差異性分析--------
058
表6 護理工作生活品質各題與構面得分情形------------------ 061
表7 護理人員離職傾向描述性分析------------------------------ 066
表8 護理人員一年後離開工作單位、離開工作機構與離開
護理專業的描述性分析-----------------------------------------
067
表9 護理人員三種離職傾向與一年後三種離開情況的分析 069
表10 整體護理工作生活品質預測護理人員離開工作單位
的二元邏輯斯迴歸分析-------------------------------------
070
表11 護理工作生活品質七個構面預測護理人員離開工作
單位的二元邏輯斯迴歸分析---------------------------------
072
表12 整體護理工作生活品質預測護理人員離開工作機構
的二元邏輯斯迴歸分析(依三個控制變項不同的組合)--------
074
表13 整體護理工作生活品質預測護理人員離開工作機構
的二元邏輯斯迴歸分析----------------------------------------------
075
表14 護理工作生活品質七個構面預測護理人員離開工作
機構的二元邏輯斯迴歸分析(依控制變項不同的組合)---------
077
表15 護理工作生活品質七個構面預測護理人員離開工作
機構的二元邏輯斯迴歸分析----------------------------------
078
表16 整體護理工作生活品質預測護理人員離開護理專業的
二元邏輯斯迴歸分析---------------------------------------------------
080
表17 護理工作生活品質七個構面預測護理人員離開護理
專業的二元邏輯斯迴歸分析------------------------------------------
082
表18 整體及七個構面護理工作生活品質與離開工作單位、
離開工作機構及離開護理專業”直接關係”的統計分析
結果------------------------------------------------------------------------
083
表19 護理人員離開工作單位的傾向在整體護理工作生活
品質與護理人員離開工作單位的中介作用-------------
086
表20 護理人員離開工作單位的傾向在安全、專業認同、支
持的環境與護理人員離開工作單位的中介作用-------
088
表21 護理人員離開工作單位的傾向在工作安排與工作量
與護理人員離開工作單位的中介作用-------------------
090
表22 護理人員離開工作單位的傾向在工作生活與家庭生
活與護理人員離開工作單位的中介作用-----------------
092
表23 護理人員離開工作單位的傾向在護理主管的管理風
格與護理人員離開工作單位的中介作用-----------------
094
表24 護理人員離開工作單位的傾向在團隊及溝通與護理
人員離開工作單位的中介作用----------------------------
096
表25 護理人員離開工作單位的傾向在護理人力與病人照
護與護理人員離開工作單位的中介作用----------------
098
表26 護理人員離開工作單位的傾向在尊重和自主的環境
與護理人員離開工作單位的中介作用-------------------
100
表27 護理人員離開工作機構的傾向在整體護理工作生活
品質與護理人員離開工作機構的中介作用-------------
102
表28 護理人員離開工作機構的傾向在安全、專業認同、支
持的環境與護理人員離開工作機構的中介作用---------
104
表29 護理人員離開工作機構的傾向在工作安排與工作量與
護理人員離開工作機構的中介作用------------------------
106
表30 護理人員離開工作機構的傾向在工作生活與家庭生活
與護理人員離開工作機構的中介作用---------------------
108
表31 護理人員離開工作機構的傾向在護理主管的管理風格
與護理人員離開工作機構的中介作用---------------------
110
表32 護理人員離開工作機構的傾向在團隊及溝通與護理人
員離開工作機構的中介作用---------------------------------
112
表33 護理人員離開工作機構的傾向在護理人力與病人照護
與護理人員離開工作機構的中介作用---------------------
114
表34 護理人員離開工作機構的傾向在尊重和自主的環境與
護理人員離開工作機構的中介作用------------------------
116
表35 護理人員離開護理專業的傾向在整體護理工作生活品
質與護理人員離開護理專業的中介作用------------------
118
表36 護理人員離開護理專業的傾向在安全、專業認同、支
持的環境與護理人員離開護理專業的中介作用---------
120
表37 護理人員離開護理專業的傾向在工作安排與工作量護理人員離開護理專業的中介作用---------------------------
122
表38護理人員離開護理專業的傾向在工作生活與家庭生
活與護理人員離開護理專業的中介作用------------------
124
表39護理人員離開護理專業的傾向在護理主管的管理風格與護理人員離開護理專業的中介作用---------------------
126
表40 護理人員離開護理專業的傾向在團隊及溝通與護理人
員離開護理專業的中介作用---------------------------------
128
表41 護理人員離開護理專業的傾向在護理人力與病人照護
與護理人員離開護理專業的中介作用---------------------
130
表42 護理人員離開護理專業的傾向在尊重和自主的環境與
護理人員離開護理專業的中介作用------------------------
132
表43 檢視以”離開工作單位傾向”為工作生活品質與離開工
作單位中介變項的統計分析結果---------------------------
133
表44 檢視以”離開工作機構傾向”為工作生活品質與離開工
作機構中介變項的統計分析結果---------------------------
133
表45 檢視以”離開護理專業傾向”為工作生活品質與離開護
理專業中介變項的統計分析結果---------------------------
13
Quantitative Analysis of Nasal Polyp and Maxillary Bone Using CT Images
慢性鼻竇炎是常見的醫療問題之一。鼻息肉是引起慢性鼻竇炎的主要因素。鼻息肉生長在鼻腔及鼻竇中,鼻息肉的生長可能會導致鼻腔或上頷骨的擴大。因此,為了得到量化分析,自動計算上頷骨的體積是需要被提出來的。首先,在電腦斷層影像上,將上頷竇偵測出來,並確定周圍上頷骨的位置。接著在一系列電腦斷層影像中,計算上頷骨的體積。最後,探討上頷骨的體積比與鼻息肉占上頷竇的比例的相關性並驗證自動計算的體積比與手動計算的體積比之間是否有顯著性的差異,接著,比較他們之間的效率。實驗結果,上側及外側之上頷骨體積比與鼻息肉占上頷竇的比例,兩者的關係為正相關,相關係數分別為0.554和0.316。此外,自動計算的體積比與手動計算的體積比,在上側及外側的上頷骨中沒有明顯性的差異。再者,在臨床使用上,骨頭體積可藉由鼻息肉在上頷竇中的比例來預測,除此之外,自動計算體積比起手動計算體積更快速,約只需要手動時間的四分之一。Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common health care problem. Nasal polyps are the main factor to make the sinuses blocked causing the CRS and they grow up in the sinuses and even result in the expansion of anterior maxilla. Therefore, an automatic segmentation followed by quantitative measurement is proposed to obtain the volume of maxillary bone. First, the maxillary sinuses were detected and the maxillary bones were identified. The next step was calculating the volume of maxillary bones from a series of computed tomography images. As a result, the volume ratio of maxillary bones and the proportion of the nasal polyps in maxillary sinus was a moderate correlation=0.554 for the superior bones and a fair correlation=0.316 for the lateral bones. Considering the accuracy and efficiency, the proposed automatic procedure was compared to a manual procedure and obtained no significant differences (p-value>0.05). For the clinical use, the proportion of the nasal polyps in the maxillary sinus can predict the growing trend of the bone volume based on the proposed automatic procedure with much shorter time about one minute than the manual procedure
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
We have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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