1,721,004 research outputs found
兒童人工造瘻口的照護
No full text先天性異常，如赫爾斯普隆氏病（Hirschsprung's disease）、肛門閉鎖（ imperforate anus）、共泄腔外翻（bladder exstrophy）等，常使兒童留置一人工 造瘻口，若沒有詳加注意，就有可能導致一些合併症，如造瘻口狹窄（ stomal stenosis）、脫出（prolapse）、回縮（retraction），造口周團疝氣（ peristomal hernia）、皮膚問題（skin problem）、壞死（necrosis）、出血（ hemorrhage）、感染或膿瘍（infection or abscess）、穿孔（perforation）、及 縫綫裂開（suture separation）等，因此護理人員在照顧這些病童時，必須 要瞭解疾病的病理過程，以及兒童發展上的一問題，才能提供他們適當的護理照顧與 指引
Uncertainty, Posttraumatic Stress, and Health Behavior in Young Adult Childhood Cancer Survivors
No full textBackground. Young adult survivors of childhood cancer are at risk for medical late effects, some of which can be managed through health promotion behaviors. However, chronic uncertainty about the future can lead to the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) that can interfere with health promotion behaviors. Objectives: To test a mediating model for the relationships among uncertainty, PTSS, and health promotion behaviors in young adult survivors of childhood cancer. Methods: The design was cross-sectional correlational. A convenience sample was used, and the data were collected using a mailed survey. Study measures included the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale-Community Form, the Posttraurnatic Stress Disorder Index, and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Results: Forty-six ( 51.1%) of the eligible survivors responded to the invitation to participate in the study.. The analysis was based on data from 45 survivors. The results show that the relationship between PTSS and health promotion behaviors was mediated by uncertainty. Discussion: Uncertainty is a suitable target for theory-based nursing interventions used to boost health promotion behaviors in young adult survivors of childhood cancer
兒童癌症存活者的不確定感和創傷後壓力關係
No full text本研究的主要目的有二：（一）為了解青年期兒童癌症存活者的疾病不確定感和創傷 後壓力的情形，及（二）檢驗不確定感和創傷後壓力兩者間的關係。本研究為一橫斷 式相關性的設計，以問卷調查法收集資料。研究工具主要有二：（一）密歇兒疾病不 確定感的社區(MUIS- C)量表，用來測量不確定感；（二）加州洛杉磯大學創傷後壓 力障礙指標(PTSDI)量表，用來測量創傷後壓力。受訪對象中有46位（回收率51.5%） 寄回問卷，有效問卷為45份。研究結果：不確定感的平均得分為51.3（標準差：14.5 ，範圍：23-90）；創傷後壓力的平均得分為15.7(標準差：11.0，範圍：0−43 )。不確定感與創傷後壓力有顯著的正相關(r=.40, p=.039)。密歇兒的再概念化的疾 病不確定感理論(Re-conceptualization of Uncertainty in Illness Theory)和青 年期的發展理論可以用來解釋本研究的發現。密歇兒再概念化的疾病不確定感理論可 以做為將來研究的指引。 The purposes of this study were to understand the levels of uncertainty and posttraumatic stress and to examine their relationships in young adult survivors of childhood cancer. A cross- sectional correlational design was used in this study. Mailed survey was the data collection method. The Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale- Community Form was the measure of uncertainty. The University of California at Los Angeles Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Index was the measure of posttraumatic stress. A total of 46 (51.1%) survivors responded to the survey and the analysis was based on data from 45. Participants reported a mean 51.3 (SD=14.5, range= 23 to 90) level of uncertainty; and a mean 15.7 (SD=11.0, range=0 to 43) level of posttraumatic stress. Uncertainty was positively correlated with posttraumatic stress (r=.40, p= .039). The re-conceptualization of the Uncertainty in Illness Theory (UIT) and developmental perspectives can explain the relationships between uncertainty and posttraumatic stress in the young adult survivors of childhood cancer. The re-conceptualization of UIT can serve as a guide for future studies
Posttraumatic Stress in Long-Term Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Questionnaire Survey
No full textBackground: Posttraumatic stress is one of many psychological late effects in young adult survivors of childhood cancer and needs to be explored thoroughly. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics and correlates of posttraumatic stress symptoms in a sample of young adult survivors of childhood cancer. Design: Cross- sectional and correlational descriptive design was used. Data was collected by a mailed survey. The University of California at Los Angeles Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Index (PTSDI) was the measure selected for the evaluation of posttraumatic stress. Setting : The study took place in a medical center in the Eastern part of the United States. Participants: The inclusion criteria for participants were: (a) diagnosis of childhood cancer between birth and 19 years of age; (b) 3 or more years post successful completion of cancer treatment; (c) free of active cancer; (d) at least 19 years of age; and (e) able to read and write English. A total of 51.1% (N = 46) of the potentially eligible survivors responded to the survey. The analysis was based on the data from 45 respondents who had a mean age of 27.4 years. Results: The mean PTSDI score was 15.7 (SD = 11.0, range = 0-43). Thirteen percent (n = 6) of participants had PTSDI scores that exceeded the cutoff point of 32, which is considered indicative of clinically significant posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants who lived alone (t = -2.17, p= .035), had no health insurance (t = 2.08, p = .044) and did not have a history of bone marrow transplantation (t = 4. 52, p = .000) reported significantly higher scores on PTSDI than others. The clinically significant PTSD group had a significantly higher rate of living alone than the non-PTSD group (p = .038). Conclusion: Cancer- related posttraumatic stress emerges in childhood cancer survivors in young adulthood. Health care providers should screen childhood cancer survivors for posttraumatic stress so that referrals can be made to provide survivors with further assistance. (C ) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
當前重型海洋性貧血患童的治療與護理趨勢
No full text目前國內外對重型海洋性貧血（本文指β－重型海洋性貧血）患者的治療除了骨髓移 植有可能治癒外，患孩的一生必須仰賴輸血維生，且要面對輸血衍生的副作用因而須 長時間的注射排鐵劑，以及症狀處理，例如脾臟切除等治療。醫囑遵從行爲對 重型海洋性貧血患者的身體狀況控制及生活品質維持是非常必要且重要的關鍵。使病患有良好的醫囑遵從行爲，應攷慮患個人因素、醫療情境因素、照 顧者因素及病友、親友的支持等因素。護理這關病患的重點，建議是：(1)有計畫地 提供資料，(2)進行身體評估，(3)提供熟練的技術，(4)注意患孩心理、社會性需求 ，有耐心、技巧地輔導，(5)適度地參與病友組織的活動
Predictors of Healthy Behaviour in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer
No full textAim. The objective of this study was to examine the factors contributing to healthy behaviour in young adult long- term survivors of childhood cancer. Background. Young adult childhood cancer survivors can adopt more healthy behaviour than the general population as a way to minimize the adverse consequences, that is, late effects of cancer and its treatment. Knowledge about the predictors of healthy behaviour in childhood cancer survivors can help providers assist young adult survivors with minimizing late effects. Design and methods. A cross- sectional correlational design and convenience sampling were used. Data were collected by mailed survey. Study measures included an investigator- developed demographic and disease form, the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale- Community, the Post- traumatic Stress Disorder Index and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Fifty- one per cent ( N = 46) of eligible survivors responded to the survey. Data from 45 participants were used in the analyses. Results. 43 center dot 3% of variance in healthy behaviour was explained by a model that included uncertainty ( beta = - 0 center dot 37, p = 0 center dot 007 ), post- traumatic stress symptoms ( beta = - 0 center dot 10, p = - 0 center dot 44), interactions with primary care providers ( b = 0 center dot 33, p = 0 center dot 01) and a history of special educational assistance ( b = - 0 center dot 23, p = 0 center dot 06). Conclusion. Young adult childhood cancer survivors who have higher levels of uncertainty, higher levels of symptoms of post- traumatic stress, lower frequency of primary healthcare interaction and poorer cognitive resources were more likely to report lower levels of healthy behaviour. Relevance to clinical practice. The findings can guide the clinical assessment of young adult survivors with regard to their health behaviours and needs they may have for education and supportive care. Findings also help inform the design of health promotion interventions for this specific group of cancer survivors
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
- …
