1,720,957 research outputs found
Viscoelasticity Control of Gelatin Methacryloyl by Sonication for 3D Inkjet Bioprinting
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3D-Printed Airway Model as a Tool for Studying SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Antiviral Therapeutics
No full textThe outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 has caused the infection of numerous people, resulting in the majority of them suffering from respiratory disease. There is a need for an in vitro lung model in which antiviral drugs can be tested reliably and quickly against the novel coronavirus. A physiologically relevant respiratory model provides a drug screening platform to study SARS-CoV-2 infection. We recapitulated the multi-layered human airway structure consisting of pulmonary endothelium, extracellular matrix, and airway epithelium through automated inkjet and microextrusion bioprinting. The 3D microarchitecture exhibits cell-cell junction and mucus secretion which are the major respiratory barrier to viral infection, and also expressed ACE2 and TMPRSS2 which are known to be involved in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. We investigated the response following infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the 3D airway model. The infection induced cytopathic effect and barrier destruction in the model over time. Virus replication was effectively inhibited when an infected 3D airway model was treated with remdesivir and molnupiravir, approved for the treatment of COVID-19. Then the EC50 was determined for each drug in the model. The 3D-printed airway model can be used as a tool for studying viral infection and validating the efficacy of therapeutics against other respiratory infection viruses as well as SARS-CoV-2.1
All-Inkjet-Printed Alveolar Barrier Model in Microfluidic Chip for Tissue Culture
No full textWith the outbreak of new respiratory viruses and high mortality rates of lung diseases, physiologically relevant models of human lung tissue are urgently needed to study disease pathogenesis, drug efficacy, and toxicology. In this research, we present a three-layered human alveolar barrier model by printing four alveolar cell lines with an unprecedented thickness of approximately 10 μm. High-resolution inkjet printing enabled fabrication of the alveolar barrier model with the optimal three-layered structure by the drop-on-demand deposition of alveolar cells. Furthermore, the microfluidic chip was used for culturing the inkjet bioprinted alveolar barrier model for biomimetic blood flow at the epithelial-blood barrier interface. We investigated proliferation, multilayered structure, and functionalities such as tight junction and surfactant secretion of the printed alveolar barrier cultured in a microfluidic chip. The bioprinted alveolar barrier models and microfluidic chip could be a 3D-manufacturable alternative to traditional cell culture and animal models for pathological and pharmaceutical applications.2
Monitoring of 3D printed airway model integrity with an organic electrochemical transistor.
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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