48 research outputs found
Emerging role of multikinase inhibitors for refractory thyroid cancer
No full textCesar A Perez,1 Belisario A Arango,1 Michel Velez,1 Luis E Raez,2 Edgardo S Santos11University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, USA; 2Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Hollywood, FL, USAAbstract: Thyroid cancer incidence continues to increase, remaining the most common endocrine malignancy. The need for effective systemic therapies combined with high incidence of driver mutations and overexpression of molecular pathways make refractory thyroid cancer an ideal candidate for treatment with novel agents. Multikinase inhibitors have caused a paradigm shift in the treatment of patients with advanced iodine-refractory thyroid cancer. These agents have shown to be the most effective systemic therapy for this disease not only causing prolonged responses but also improving survival. The activity of these agents inhibiting several pathways simultaneously, such as rearranged during transfection protooncogene, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and angiogenesis, can probably explain the effectiveness in controlling the progression of this malignancy. Several of these agents are currently on clinical studies in patients with differentiated and medullary thyroid cancer and most of them are showing promising clinical activity. With the approval of vandetanib for the treatment of medullary thyroid cancer, a new era in the management of this disease has begun. The molecular rationale for the use of these drugs for thyroid cancer is discussed as well as their promising clinical results.Keywords: axitinib, cabozantinib, lenvatinib, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), motesanib, pazopanib, thyroid cancer, vandetanib, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2
Primary and metastatic brain cancer genomics and emerging biomarkers for immunomodulatory cancer treatment
No full textRecent studies with immunomodulatory agents targeting both cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death 1 (PD1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) have shown to be very effective in several cancers revealing an unexpected great activity in patients with both primary and metastatic brain tumors. Combining anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 agents as upfront systemic therapy has revealed to further increase the clinical benefit observed with single agent, even at cost of higher toxicity. Since the brain is an immunological specialized area it's crucial to establish the specific composition of the brain tumors' microenvironment in order to predict the potential activity of immunomodulatory agents. This review briefly summarizes the basis of the brain immunogenicity, providing the most updated clinical evidences in terms of immune-checkpoint inhibitors efficacy and toxicity in both primary and metastatic brain tumors with the final aim of defining potential biomarkers for immunomodulatory cancer treatment
Molecular target therapy for bone metastasis: starting a new era with denosumab, a RANKL inhibitor
No full textINTRODUCTION:
The skeleton is generally the primary, and sometimes the only, site of metastasis in patients with advanced solid tumors. Bone metastases are the most frequent cause of cancer-related pain and the origin of severe morbidity in patients. Among the treatment options available for the prevention of skeletal-related events (SREs) associated with bone metastasis, zoledronic acid, an antiresorptive treatment from the group of bisphosphonates, is currently the standard of care in this setting.
AREAS COVERED:
Zoledronic acid, together with denosumab (a monoclonal antibody against the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand), is the most frequent approach for the prevention of cancer-related events in skeleton. This paper reviews several trials evaluating the efficacy of denosumab in comparison with zoledronic acid in patients with solid osteotropic tumors. In this setting of skeleton-invading cancers, denosumab was demonstrated to be superior to zoledronic acid in preventing or delaying SREs. In comparison with zoledronic acid, denosumab significantly delayed the time to first SRE by 17%.
EXPERT OPINION:
Current research on denosumab is addressed to prove the immunomodulator effect of this agent in humans. Other avenue of research is focused on its antitumor activity observed in some Phase III trials
The potential of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase (NTRK) inhibitors for treating lung cancer
No full textIntroduction: Molecular alterations in neurotrophic tyrosine kinase (NTRK) genes have been identified
in several solid tumors including lung cancer. Pre-clinical and clinical evidence suggested their potential
role as oncogenic drivers and predictive biomarkers for targeted inhibition, leading to the clinical
development of a new class of compounds blocking the NTRK molecular pathway, which are currently
undner early clinical investigation.
Area covered: This review describes the biology of the NTRK pathway and its molecular alterations in
lung cancer. It focuses on the pre-clinical and clinical development of emerging NTRK inhibitors, which
have shown very promising activity in early phase I studies.
Expert opinion: Among the several NTRK-inhibitors, entrectinib and LOXO-101 are those in more
advanced stage of clinical development. Both agents have shown encouraging activity along with a
tolerable safety profile in patients with different solid tumors harboring NTRK-fusions, emerging as new
promising therapeutic options for molecularly selected patients with advanced Trk-driven lung cancers.
Results from ongoing phase II basket trials are eagerly awaited
Bible
No full textquant est du Nouveau Testament, il a esté reveu et corrigé sur le grec, par l'avis des ministres de Geneve ; il y a aussi argumens sur chacun livre, annotations sur toute la Bible, figures et cartes, tant chorographiques qu'autresTrad. d'Olivétan, éd. par Augustin MarloratTexte disposé en colonnesSignatures : *⁶, a-z⁶, aa-zz⁶, aaa-sss⁸, ttt@10, A-P⁸, *⁴, AA-YY⁸, Z@12Empreinte : raez .3.5 t.ce e.en (3) M.D.LXIII
The Role of Plant Hormones in Plant-Microbe Symbioses
No full textThis eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contac
Therapeutic vaccines in non-small cell lung cancer
No full textFrancisco Socola,1 Naomi Scherfenberg,2 Luis E Raez3 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; 2University of Miami Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; 3Thoracic Oncology Program, Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Pembroke Pines, Florida, USA Abstract: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) unfortunately carries a very poor prognosis. Patients usually do not become symptomatic, and therefore do not seek treatment, until the cancer is advanced and it is too late to employ curative treatment options. New therapeutic options are urgently needed for NSCLC, because even current targeted therapies cure very few patients. Active immunotherapy is an option that is gaining more attention. A delicate and complex interplay exists between the tumor and the immune system. Solid tumors utilize a variety of mechanisms to evade immune detection. However, if the immune system can be stimulated to recognize the tumor as foreign, tumor cells can be specifically eliminated with little systemic toxicity. A number of vaccines designed to boost immunity against NSCLC are currently undergoing investigation in phase III clinical trials. Belagenpumatucel-L, an allogeneic cell vaccine that decreases transforming growth factor (TGF-β) in the tumor microenvironment, releases the immune suppression caused by the tumor and it has shown efficacy in a wide array of patients with advanced NSCLC. Melanoma-associated antigen A3 (MAGE-A3), an antigen-based vaccine, has shown promising results in MAGE-A3+ NSCLC patients who have undergone complete surgical resection. L-BLP25 and TG4010 are both antigenic vaccines that target the Mucin 1 protein (MUC-1), a proto-oncogene that is commonly mutated in solid tumors. CIMAVax is a recombinant human epidermal growth factor (EGF) vaccine that induces anti-EGF antibody production and prevents EGF from binding to its receptor. These vaccines may significantly improve survival and quality of life for patients with an otherwise dismal NSCLC prognosis. This review is intended to give an overview of the current data and the most promising studies of active immunotherapy for NSCLC. Keywords: immunotherapy, non-small cell lung cancer, Belagenpumatucel-L, melanoma-associated antigen A3 (MAGE-A3), L-BLP25, TG4010, CIMAVa
The Role of Plant Hormones in Plant-Microbe Symbioses
No full textThis eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contac
Clínica del Niño y el Adolescente - PS316 - 202102
No full textCurso de la carrera de Psicología, de las especialidades de Psicología Clínica y Psicología Educacional y del
Desarrollo, de carácter teórico dirigido a los estudiantes de 9no ciclo, contribuye al desarrollo de la competencia
específica de la carrera Diagnóstico y Diseño en el nivel de logro 3.
Se enfoca en el estudio clínico y la comprensión de los diversos aspectos causales y multifactoriales presentes
en la comprensión de la salud mental de la niños y adolescentes. Propone que el estudio psicológico y
psicopatológico es posible a partir del análisis de los componentes biopsicosociales-culturales, es decir
investigar la unicidad de cada paciente niño y adolescente en particular con los métodos clínicos
(principalmente entrevista y anamnesis). En cada uno de los casos, se trazan hipótesis sobre la causalidad de la
problemática que presente, en función de ello indicar la intervención más adecuada, discutiendo en qué se puede
o se debe intervenir, así como de aspectos preventivos. Se resalta el trabajo inter disciplinario.
El curso ha sido diseñado para que el estudiante conozca y analice diversos modelos teóricos y clínicos que le
permita entender la problemática del niño/a y el adolescente dentro del contexto familiar, escolar y social, así
como en las formas tradicionales y contemporáneas de relaciones sociales. La evaluación permite que se logre
observar e interpretar el comportamiento del niño y el adolescente tomando en cuenta su etapa de desarrollo y
los posibles trastornos psicopatológicos, que podrían interferir en su desempeño general o en su proceso de
inserción a la vida, discutiendo además, estrategias y tareas de prevención
