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Esprit public in the annexed departments of the Ligurian Apennines : from submission to laws to attachment to the government
No full textFirst published online: April 2020The establishment of the First French Republic was accompanied by a policy designed to direct the "esprit public". In the years that followed, local administrators were given the task of drafting reports using this administrative category. Under the Napoleonic Empire, this policy was applied to the annexed departments. From the apparent plasticity of the "esprit public" category, the author examines the meaning attributed to this term by divers administrators, and the tools they used to objectify it. The case of the three Italian departments of the Apennines, Genoa, and Taro makes it possible to account for the way in which this policy, forged in France under the Republic, was adapted in a context of annexation and outside the republican system. By investigating the uses of the "esprit public " category it is possible to show how administrators understood the society on which their surveys were based
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Administrer "l’esprit public" : pratiques de l’enquête et production de savoirs en France et dans le Nord de la péninsule italienne (1792-1814)
No full textThis thesis offers a socio-history of the French administration's preoccupation with l’esprit public through political surveys between 1792 and 1814. At the end of August 1792, the first survey on l’esprit public was launched, entrusted to a group of agents sent to different territories in France who wrote administrative reports on this subject for the Ministry of the Interior. Under the Revolutionary government and until the Directory, local administrators wrote periodical reports that included an assessment of l’esprit public for the Committee of Public Safety and then for the Ministry of the Interior. The Napoleonic administration carried on with this concern for l’esprit public, within the framework of an investigation led by the Ministry of the Police and entrusted to the prefectural corps. Its use was extended to territories annexed by the Empire and placed under its orbit, watched very closely by the authorities. Without defining a priori the notion of esprit public, this thesis questions the way in which the administrators understood the meaning of the category and the way in which its contents evolved with the changes of regime. For this purpose, I examine three moments: the legitimization and institutionalization of l’esprit public in governmental structures, its implementation in the field, and then the office work carried out in order to transform the data on l’esprit public into administrative knowledge. I question their use from the perspective of the circulation of administrative knowledge when it is extended to different territories of the North of the Italian peninsula.La socio-histoire de « l’esprit public » que propose cette thèse a été écrite à partir de l’étude des enquêtes menées entre 1792 et 1814, à une période où l’administration française n’en a pas développé d’usage stabilisé. À la fin du mois d’août 1792, la première enquête sur l’esprit public est lancée, confiée à un groupe d’agents envoyés sur le territoire qui rédigent des rapports administratifs sur cet objet pour le ministère de l’Intérieur. Sous le gouvernement révolutionnaire et jusqu’au Directoire, les agents nationaux puis les commissaires du pouvoir exécutif sont chargés de rédiger, pour le Comité de Salut public puis pour le ministère de l’Intérieur, des comptes rendus périodiques sur divers objets dont l’esprit public. La volonté de connaître l’esprit public perdure sous l’Empire, dans le cadre d’une enquête menée par le ministère de la Police générale et confiée au corps préfectoral. Sa mise en œuvre est alors étendue aux territoires annexés par l’Empire et placés sous son orbite, regardés de près par les autorités. Se départant d’une définition de l’esprit public qui serait posée a priori, cette thèse interroge donc la manière dont les administrateurs ont appréhendé la catégorie et la façon dont le contenu de celle-ci a évolué au gré des changements de régime. Les pratiques d’enquête tour à tour mises en œuvre font apparaître trois moments caractéristiques de cette socio-histoire de l’esprit public : celui de sa légitimation et de son institutionnalisation dans les structures gouvernementales, celui de sa mise en place sur le terrain, celui enfin où le travail de bureau se formalise et transforme les données sur l’esprit public en savoirs administratifs puis en instruments de gouvernement, dont l’usage, élargi à différents territoires du Nord de la péninsule italienne, permet d’observer la circulation des savoirs administratifs
Décrire 'l’esprit public' entre Révolution et Empire : les usages plastiques d’une catégorie administrative en construction
No full textPublished online: 28 December 202
Administrer 'l'esprit public' : pratiques de l’enquête et production de savoirs en France et dans le Nord de la péninsule italienne (1792-1814)
No full textDefence date: 12 May 2023Examination Board: Pr. Stéphane Van Damme, (European University Institute, directeur de thèse EUI / extérieur); Pr. Isabelle Laboulais, (Université de Strasbourg, directrice de thèse extérieure); Pr. Pieter M. Judson, (Eropean University Institute); Pr. Pierre Karila-Cohen, (Université Rennes 2)La socio-histoire de « l’esprit public » que propose cette thèse a été écrite à partir de l’étude des enquêtes menées entre 1792 et 1814, à une période où l’administration française n’en a pas développé d’usage stabilisé. À la fin du mois d’août 1792, la première enquête sur l’esprit public est lancée, confiée à un groupe d’agents envoyés sur le territoire qui rédigent des rapports administratifs sur cet objet pour le ministère de l’Intérieur. Sous le gouvernement révolutionnaire et jusqu’au Directoire, les agents nationaux puis les commissaires du pouvoir exécutif sont chargés de rédiger, pour le Comité de Salut public puis pour le ministère de l’Intérieur, des comptes rendus périodiques sur divers objets dont l’esprit public. La volonté de connaître l’esprit public perdure sous l’Empire, dans le cadre d’une enquête menée par le ministère de la Police générale et confiée au corps préfectoral. Sa mise en œuvre est alors étendue aux territoires annexés par l’Empire et placés sous son orbite, regardés de près par les autorités. Se départant d’une définition de l’esprit public qui serait posée a priori, cette thèse interroge donc la manière dont les administrateurs ont appréhendé la catégorie et la façon dont le contenu de celle-ci a évolué au gré des changements de régime. Les pratiques d’enquête tour à tour mises en œuvre font apparaître trois moments caractéristiques de cette sociohistoire de l’esprit public : celui de sa légitimation et de son institutionnalisation dans les structures gouvernementales, celui de sa mise en place sur le terrain, celui enfin où le travail de bureau se formalise et transforme les données sur l’esprit public en savoirs administratifs puis en instruments de gouvernement, dont l’usage, élargi à différents territoires du Nord de la péninsule italienne, permet d’observer la circulation des savoirs administratifs.This thesis offers a socio-history of the French administration's preoccupation with l’esprit public through political surveys between 1792 and 1814. At the end of August 1792, the first survey on l’esprit public was launched, entrusted to a group of agents sent to different territories in France who wrote administrative reports on this subject for the Ministry of the Interior. Under the Revolutionary government and until the Directory, local administrators wrote periodical reports that included an assessment of l’esprit public for the Committee of Public Safety and then for the Ministry of the Interior. The Napoleonic administration carried on with this concern for l’esprit public, within the framework of an investigation led by the Ministry of the Police and entrusted to the prefectural corps. Its use was extended to territories annexed by the Empire and placed under its orbit, watched very closely by the authorities. Without defining a priori the notion of esprit public, this thesis questions the way in which the administrators understood the meaning of the category and the way in which its contents evolved with the changes of regime. For this purpose, I examine three moments: the legitimization and institutionalization of l’esprit publicin governmental structures, its implementation in the field, and then the office work carried out in order to transform the data on l’esprit public into administrative knowledge. I question their use from the perspective of the circulation of administrative knowledge when it is extended to different territories of the North of the Italian peninsula.Chapter 8 'Mise à l’épreuve d’une catégorie administrative révolutionnaire sur le terrain impérial francoitalien' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as an article 'Esprit public in the annexed departments of the Ligurian Apennines : from submission to laws to attachment to the government' (2020) in the journal 'Annales historiques de la revolution française'. Chapter 2 'L’enquête en train de se faire : le travail des commissaires sur le terrain', Chapter 5 'Instaurer une catégorie de l’action publique : le sens de l’esprit public' and Chapter 8 'Mise à l’épreuve d’une catégorie administrative révolutionnaire sur le terrain impérial francoitalien' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as chapter 'Décrire 'l’esprit public' entre Révolution et Empire : les usages plastiques d’une catégorie administrative en construction' (2022) in the book 'Il mondo in subbuglio : ricerche sull’età delle rivoluzioni (1789-1849)'
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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