1,721,416 research outputs found
High-frequency vibration training able to increase muscle power in postmenopausal women - Response
No full textHigh-frequency vibration training able to increase muscle power in postmenopausal women [2] (multiple letters)
No full textCarotenoids as protection against sarcopenia in older adults
No full textSarcopenia, or loss of muscle mass and strength, plays a major role in the disablement process in older adults and increases the risk of impaired physical performance, falls, physical disability, frailty, and death. Oxidative stress is a major mechanism implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia; aging muscle shows increased oxidative damage to DNA, protein, and lipids. Carotenoids quench free radicals, reduce damage from reactive oxygen species, and appear to modulate redox-sensitive transcription factors such as NF-kappa B that are involved in the upregulation of IL-6 and other proinflammatory cytokines. Recent epidemiological studies in community-dwelling older adults show that low serum/plasma carotenoids are independently associated with low skeletal muscle strength and the development of walking disability. These observations are consistent with a growing number of studies showing that a diet with high intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of inflammation, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc
Gut microbiota and motoric-cognitive frailty in hospitalized older persons
No full textPURPOSE OF REVIEW: In older people, many systems spontaneously change without diseases. Because of the ageing process, the gut microbiota undergoes a reduced species richness, altered balance between species, with an increased interindividual variability. The result is the reduced resilience in the presence of diseases and medications. These changes are more evident in older persons with neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive-motoric frailty. RECENT FINDINGS: A relationship between liver alteration, gut microbiota and the presence of viruses and gram-bacteria is conceivable. They determine the acceleration of neurodegenerative diseases with cognitive and motoric frailty. Hospitalization represents one of the stressors for the gut microbiota, producing dysbiosis and increasing the representation of pathobionts. The gut microbiota alterations during hospitalization may be associated with negative clinical outcomes. This phenomenon together with liver dysfunction could produce an acceleration of the trajectory of cognitive-motoric frailty towards disability and mortality. The observation that predisability is associated of both losses of cognition and motoric performance, has allowed introducing a new syndrome, the motoric-cognitive risk syndrome, which is a condition of increased risk of dementia and mobility-disability. SUMMARY: The interaction between liver and gut microbiota may accelerate the neurodegenerative diseases and represents a promising marker of prognostic trajectories in older patients
Apocalyptic COVID-19 mortality and BMI: a J-shape relationship?
No full textBMI could be considered the strongest key element for defining “frail/vulnerable” persons during SARS-COV-2 infection. National authorities should be taking into account these data for planning future preventive measured and vaccination and avoiding an increase of mortality due to COVID-19 infection. BMI is an expression of obesity and one of phenotypic criteria of undernutrition. Both of these conditions are really relevant worldwide, suggesting the need of implementing the knowledge on the importance of nutrition for general health and also for preventing severe forms of COVID-19 infection. (www.actabiomedica.it
sex hormones and sarcopenia in older persons
No full textPURPOSE OF REVIEW:
Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes such as physical disability, poor quality of life, and death. Sarcopenia is a multifactorial process involving the decline of androgens, including dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and testosterone. The aim of this review is to highlight the effects of DHEAS and testosterone treatment to counteract sarcopenia, especially in older men.
RECENT FINDINGS:
DHEAS and, more importantly, testosterone treatment are associated with increased muscle mass, whereas the effects on muscle function and physical performance are less clear. The results of recent randomized placebo controlled trials with DHEAS in older men and women and testosterone in men with mobility limitation are discussed. The novel current and future scenarios to attenuate the detrimental effects and to optimize the efficacy of sex hormone treatment are also addressed.
SUMMARY:
DHEAS and testosterone are important options in the armamentarium of sarcopenia treatment in older men. Future studies are needed to address new approaches by using selective compounds, targeting the correct form and dosage, tailoring the correct patient to treat, and taking into account the multifactorial origin and the new definition of sarcopenia
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