1,721,104 research outputs found
Myoglobin as a molecular biomarker for meat authentication and traceability
No full textThe global incidence of economically motivated meat adulteration represents a crucial issue for the food industry. Undeclared addition of cheaper or low-quality species to meat products of high commercial value has become a common practice that needs to be countered with specific measures. In this framework, myoglobin (Mb) is a sarcoplasmic haemoprotein, primarily responsible for meat colour and has been successfully used in meat fraud authentication. Mb is highly soluble in water, easily monitored at 409 nm and species-specific. Knowing that various analytical DNA-based and protein-based methods, as well as spectroscopic techniques have been developed over the years for the detection of meat fraud, the aim of the present review is to take stock of the situation regarding the possible use of Mb as a molecular biomarker for the easy and rapid detection of undeclared species in meat products, avoiding the need of sophisticated or expensive equipment and specialised operators
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Violenza, genere e antropologia applicata. Rifrazioni e tensioni metodologiche
No full textThis article investigates the research settings, conditions and opportunities
offered by an applied research on gender violence conducted
in Sicily (2004) by a group of associated independent researchers called
DAERA. The research obstacles and results are outlined to shed light
on the potentialities, negotiations and legitimacy of anthropological
analysis in contributing to policy-oriented investigations and informing
public debate. At the same time, I describe the hierarchies of knowledge
and social dynamics that influence the research process, in this case
visible in negotiations over ethnography as a research tool, the validity
of anthropological arguments and the final report write-up. Suggesting
that domestic violence might be illuminated by anthropological insights
on violence, social suffering, subjectivity and gendered power relations,
this paper discusses how theory and engagement might be intertwined
and expressed. I conclude by arguing that, even when it is related to
a professional job, applied anthropology requires methodological
rigour, the ability to combine multiple research tools, an ethical and
socio-political awareness and a strong commitment to and command
of anthropological conceptualisations and theories
L'antropologia e la violenza di genere. Rifrazioni e tensioni metodologiche
No full textThis article investigates the research settings, conditions and opportunities
offered by an applied research on gender violence conducted
in Sicily (2004) by a group of associated independent researchers called
DAERA. The research obstacles and results are outlined to shed light
on the potentialities, negotiations and legitimacy of anthropological
analysis in contributing to policy-oriented investigations and informing
public debate. At the same time, I describe the hierarchies of knowledge
and social dynamics that influence the research process, in this case
visible in negotiations over ethnography as a research tool, the validity
of anthropological arguments and the final report write-up. Suggesting
that domestic violence might be illuminated by anthropological insights
on violence, social suffering, subjectivity and gendered power relations,
this paper discusses how theory and engagement might be intertwined
and expressed. I conclude by arguing that, even when it is related to
a professional job, applied anthropology requires methodological
rigour, the ability to combine multiple research tools, an ethical and
socio-political awareness and a strong commitment to and command
of anthropological conceptualisations and theories
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Ribosome-inactivating proteins from edible plants: Isolation, characterization and possible biotechnological applications
No full textHere, we report the known ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) currently isolated and characterized from edible plants. These ribosome-targeting toxins are N-β-glycosylases that depurinate ribosomes and inhibit protein biosynthesis. RIPs found in edible plants cover 23 species, while protein synthesis inhibitors cover nine species. Most of them are found in Caryophyllales, Cucurbitales, Poales, Fabales, Asparagales, Santalales, and Apiales orders. Moreover, few RIP genes or transcripts have been heterologously expressed and N-β-glycosylase activity was characterized. RIPs possess antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and insecticidal properties, likely associated with plant defense. This is consistent with their increased expression during biotic and abiotic plant stresses. Moreover, transgenic plants in which RIPs are overexpressed exhibit enhanced resistance to pathogen attacks. The broad spectrum of RIP activities could be exploited in agriculture to engineer species of agronomic interest, overcoming the preconception about transgenic plants, being these enzymes physiologically present in edible plants, often consumed as raw food
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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