1,720,965 research outputs found
Friendship security analysis in bluetooth low energy networks
No full textBluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is one of the most promising low-power, short-range wireless technologies, providing a standardized technology for creating mesh networks and enabling devices to communicate with each other with limited impact on the battery. BLE Mesh networks support a variety of features, including broadcast, unicast, and multicast messaging, allowing devices to communicate in a distributed and scalable manner. These networks enable a wide range of applications, from smart homes to industrial automation and asset tracking. In recent years, the BLE standard has introduced a new feature called ”Friendship” that allows nodes with limited battery power to pair with other Bluetooth devices that are responsible for caching their messages while they sleep. In this way, the BLE Friendship allows devices to share data without the need for a continuous connection, preserving the energy-saving capabilities of the network. However, recent literature has shown that this feature can be easily exploited by malicious agents in the network to either deny friendship or establish a permanent link between the attacker and the low-power node. In this paper, we review the current status of the security of the BLE Friendship, discussing what are the most dangerous threats, and analyzing their impact on the battery of low-power nodes. Therefore, we implement one of these threats, namely, the Clear Attack, over a smart sensor scenario to show its potential in affecting the battery life of the devices. Finally, we propose and implement a set of countermeasures and mitigations that can be integrated into the BLE standard to reduce the impact of such an attack and we prove their effectiveness in preserving the energy of low-power devices
Demo Abstract: BE-Mesh: Bluetooth Low Energy Mesh Networking
No full textWe propose and discuss BE-Mesh-Bluetooth low
Energy-Meshed network, a new paradigm for BLE (Bluetooth
Low Energy) that enables mesh networking among wirelessly
interconnected devices, both in a single hop and multi-hop
fashion. Starting from the classical Master/Slave paradigm of
Bluetooth, we build two new layers based on BLE stack that
allow the final user to set-up, in a fast way, the desired network
topology while hiding the complexity and low-level details of the
BLE stack. We also prototype, as a proof of concept, an open
source Android library [1] that implements our communication
paradigm and an Android application that allows the exchange
of text messages across the mesh network. Last, we demonstrate
how BE-Mesh enables Internet access sharing with the whole
mesh from a single Internet-connected device
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
xDevSM: Streamlining xApp Development With a Flexible Framework for O-RAN E2 Service Models
Full text linkRAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) are programmable platforms that enable data-driven closed-loop control in the O-RAN architecture. They collect telemetry and data from the RAN, process it in custom applications, and enforce control or new configurations on the RAN. Such custom applications in the Near-Real-Time (RT) RIC are called xApps, and enable a variety of use cases related to radio resource management. Despite numerous open-source and commercial projects focused on the Near-RT RIC, developing and testing xApps that are interoperable across multiple RAN implementations is a time-consuming and technically challenging process. This is primarily caused by the complexity of the protocol of the E2 interface, which enables communication between the RIC and the RAN while providing a high degree of flexibility, with multiple Service Models (SMs) providing plug-and-play functionalities such as data reporting and RAN control. In this paper, we propose xDevSM, an open-source flexible framework for O-RAN service models, aimed at simplifying xApp development for the O-RAN Software Community (OSC) Near-RT RIC. xDevSM reduces the complexity of the xApp development process, allowing developers to focus on the control logic of their xApps and moving the logic of the E2 service models behind simple Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). We demonstrate the effectiveness of this framework by deploying and testing xApps across various RAN software platforms, including OpenAirInterface and srsRAN. This framework significantly facilitates the development and validation of solutions and algorithms on O-RAN networks, including the testing of data-driven solutions across multiple RAN implementations
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