162,091 research outputs found
An Impact Study of the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) in the Six ACP Regions
No full textThis article intends to present a very detailed analysis of the trade-related aspects of Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) negotiations. We use a dynamic partial equilibrium model – focusing on the demand side – at the HS6 level (covering 5,113 HS6 products). Two alternative lists of sensitive products are constructed, one giving priority to the agricultural sectors, the other focusing on tariff revenue preservation. In order to be WTO compatible, EPAs must translate into 90 percent of bilateral trade fully liberalised. We use this criterion to simulate EPAs for each negotiating regional block. ACP exports to the EU are forecast to be 10 percent higher with the EPAs than under the GSP/EBA option. On average ACP countries are forecast to lose 70 percent of tariff revenues on EU imports in the long run. Yet imports from other regions of the world will continue to provide tariff revenues. Thus when tariff revenue losses are computed on total ACP imports, losses are limited to 26 percent on average in the long run and even 19 percent when the product lists are optimised. The final impact on the economy depends on the importance of tariffs in government revenue and on potential compensatory effects. However this long term and less visible effect will mainly depend on the capacity of each ACP country to reorganise its fiscal base.Preferential Trade Agreements, Africa, EPAs, Partial Equilibrium Simulations, International Relations/Trade,
Denis Laborde, Da prática musical às ciências experimentais do social
No full textInternational audienceDenis Laborde. Von der musikalischen Praxis zu den experimentellen Wissenschaften des SozialenIn seiner neunten Ausgabe, vom 6. bis 16. Oktober 2022, bot das Festival Haizebegi, Musikaren Munduak/ Les Mondes de la Musique1 in Bayonne Konzerte, Filmvorführungen, Begegnungen, Konferenzen, Workshops und Ausstellungen rund um das Thema "Was Musik kann". In diesem Jahr war unter anderem das Vokalensemble des Iwan-Hontschar-Museums aus Kiew zu Gast und stellte die Frage: Warum singen, warum musizieren, wenn der Krieg "der Manifestation der Gewalt jede Grenze" (Clausewitz) nimmt?Auf dem Programm standen auch die Musiker des Afghanistan National Institute of Music (ANIM), die seit der Machtübernahme der Taliban in ihrem Land ins Exil gehen mussten. Dank der portugiesischen Regierung, die ihnen Anfang 2022 Asyl gewährte, nähren und fördern sie weiterhin die Schönheit der afghanischen Musik. Nach ihrem ersten öffentlichen Auftritt in Bayonne fand ein Treffen und eine Diskussion mit Ahmad Naser Sarmast statt,Gründer von ANIM, und Frau Parwana Paikan, Ministerin und Beraterin der Botschaft der Islamischen Republik Afghanistan in Paris, einer abtrünnigen Botschaft, die die seit dem 15. August 2021 in Kabul herrschenden Behörden nicht anerkennt. In diesem Jahr sollte Bruno Latour am selben Tag, an dem er diese Welt verließ, am Festival teilnehmen. Indem es Forscher wie Cédric Villani einlädt, behauptet sich das Haizebegi Festival nicht als einfaches Musikfestival, sondern als "Instrument der Erkenntnis und der Analyse", wie sein künstlerischer Leiter Denis Laborde, ein Forscher der Musikanthropologie, erklärt. Der originelle und relevante Ansatz dieses Forschungsleiters am CNRS, der 2020 mit der Silbermedaille des CNRS ausgezeichnet wurde, und Studienleiters am EHESS machte Lust darauf, den Werdegang dieses Spezialisten für Musik als Instrument zur Analyse menschlicher Gesellschaften besser kennenzulernen. Der 63-jährige Forscher zeichnet mit der für ihn typischen Großzügigkeit die wichtigsten Etappen seines Weges nach.Denis Laborde. From musical practice to experimental social sciencesFor its ninth edition, from October 6 to 16, 2022, the festival Haizebegi, Musikaren Munduak/ Les Mondes de la Musique1 offered in Bayonne concerts, film screenings, meetings, conferences, workshops and exhibitions around the theme "What music can do". This edition welcomed the Vocal Ensemble of the Ivan Honchar Museum in Kiev and asked the question: Why sing, why play music when war removes "all limits to the manifestation of violence" (Clausewitz)?Also on the program were the musicians of the Afghanistan National Institute of Music (ANIM), forced into exile since the Taliban took power in their country. Thanks to the Portuguese government who offered them asylum in early 2022, they continue to nurture and promote the beauty of Afghan music. After their first public performance in Bayonne, a meeting-debate took place with Ahmad Naser Sarmast,founder of ANIM, and Mrs. Parwana Paikan, Minister Counselor to the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan in Paris, a dissident embassy that does not recognize the authorities in place in Kabul since August 15, 2021. This year, Bruno Latour was to participate in the festival, the same day he left this world. By inviting researchers such as Cédric Villani, the Haizebegi festival asserts itself not as a simple music festival, but as "an instrument of knowledge and analysis," says its artistic director Denis Laborde, a researcher in music anthropology. The original and relevant approach of this director of research at the CNRS, silver medal of the CNRS 2020, and director of studies at the EHESS made us want to know more about the career of this specialist in music as a tool for the analysis of human societies. The 63-year-old researcher retraces, with his characteristic generosity, the major stages of his career.Denis Laborde. De la práctica musical a las ciencias experimentales de la sociedadEn su novena edición, del 6 al 16 de octubre de 2022, el festival Haizebegi, Musikaren Munduak/ Les Mondes de la Musique1 ofreció en Bayona conciertos, proyecciones de películas, encuentros, conferencias, talleres y exposiciones en torno al tema "Lo que puede la música". El acto de este año contó con la participación del Conjunto Vocal del Museo Ivan Honchar de Kiev y planteó la siguiente pregunta: ¿Por qué cantar, por qué tocar música cuando la guerra elimina "todos los límites a la manifestación de la violencia" (Clausewitz)?También participaron en el programa los músicos del Instituto Nacional de Música de Afganistán (ANIM), obligados al exilio desde que los talibanes tomaron el poder en su país. Gracias al gobierno portugués, que les ofreció asilo a principios de 2022, siguen cultivando y promoviendo la belleza de la música afgana. Tras su primera actuación pública en Bayona, tuvo lugar un encuentro y debate con Ahmad Naser Sarmast,Tras su primera actuación pública en Bayona, tuvo lugar un encuentro-debate con Ahmad Naser Sarmast, fundador de ANIM, y la Sra. Parwana Paikan, Ministra Consejera de la Embajada de la República Islámica de Afganistán en París, embajada disidente que no reconoce a las autoridades instauradas en Kabul desde el 15 de agosto de 2021. Este año, Bruno Latour iba a participar en el festival el mismo día que dejaba este mundo. Al invitar a investigadores como Cédric Villani, el festival Haizebegi se afirma no como un simple festival de música, sino como "un instrumento de conocimiento y análisis", explica su director artístico Denis Laborde, investigador en antropología de la música. El enfoque original y pertinente de este director de investigación en el CNRS, medalla de plata del CNRS 2020, y director de estudios en la EHESS nos hizo querer saber más sobre la trayectoria de este especialista de la música como herramienta de análisis de las sociedades humanas. Este investigador de 63 años recorre, con la generosidad que le caracteriza, las principales etapas de su carrera.Denis Laborde. De la pratique musicale aux sciences expérimentales du socialPour sa neuvième édition, du 6 au 16 octobre 2022, le festival Haizebegi, Musikaren Munduak/ Les Mondes de la Musique1 proposait à Bayonne des concerts, projections de films, rencontres, conférences, ateliers et expositions autour du thème « Ce que peut la musique ». Cette édition accueillait notamment l’Ensemble vocal du Musée Ivan Honchar de Kiev et posait la question : Pourquoi chanter, pourquoi jouer de la musique alors que la guerre ôte « toute limite à la manifestation de la violence » (Clausewitz) ?Au programme également, les musiciens de l’Afghanistan National Institute of Music (ANIM), contraints à l’exil depuis la prise du pouvoir des Talibans dans leur pays. Grâce au gouvernement portugais qui leur a offert l’asile début 2022, ils continuent d’alimenter et de promouvoir la beauté de la musique afghane. Après leur première prestation publique à Bayonne, une rencontre- débat avait lieu avec Ahmad Naser Sarmast,fondateur de l’ANIM, et Madame Parwana Paikan, ministre conseiller auprès de l’ambassade de la République islamique d’Afghanistan à Paris, ambassade dissidente qui ne reconnaît pas les autorités en place à Kaboul depuis le 15 août 2021. Cette année, Bruno Latour devait participer au festival, le jour même où il quittait ce monde. En invitant des chercheurs comme Cédric Villani, le festival Haizebegi s’affirme non pas comme un simple festival de musique, mais comme « un instrument de connaissance et d’analyse », précise son directeur artistique Denis Laborde, chercheur en anthropologie de la musique. La démarche originale et pertinente de ce directeur de recherche au CNRS, médaille d’argent du CNRS 2020, et directeur d’études à l’EHESS donnait envie de mieux connaître le parcours de ce spécialiste de la musique comme outil d’analyse des sociétés humaines. Le chercheur de 63 ans retrace, avec la générosité qui le caractérise, les grandes étapes de son cheminement.Denis Laborde. Desde a prática musical até as ciências experimentais da sociedadePara sua nona edição, de 6 a 16 de outubro de 2022, o Haizebegi, Musikaren Munduak/ Les Mondes de la Musique1 ofereceu concertos, exibições de filmes, reuniões, conferências, oficinas e exposições em Bayonne sobre o tema "O que a música pode fazer". O evento deste ano apresentou o Ensemble Vocal do Museu Ivan Honchar em Kiev e fez a pergunta: Por que cantar, por que tocar música quando a guerra remove "todos os limites à manifestação da violência" (Clausewitz)?Também no programa estavam os músicos do Instituto Nacional de Música do Afeganistão (ANIM), que foram forçados ao exílio desde que o Talibã tomou o poder em seu país. Graças ao governo português, que lhes ofereceu asilo no início de 2022, eles continuam a cultivar e promover a beleza da música afegã. Após sua primeira apresentação pública em Bayonne, foi realizada uma reunião e um debate com Ahmad Naser Sarmast,Após sua primeira apresentação pública em Bayonne, foi realizada uma reunião-debate com Ahmad Naser Sarmast, fundador da ANIM, e a Sra. Parwana Paikan, Ministra Conselheira da Embaixada da República Islâmica do Afeganistão em Paris, uma embaixada dissidente que não reconhece as autoridades em vigor em Cabul desde 15 de agosto de 2021. Este ano, Bruno Latour deveria participar do festival no mesmo dia em que ele deixou este mundo. Ao convidar pesquisadores como Cédric Villani, o festival de Haizebegi se afirma não como um simples festival de música, mas como "um instrumento de conhecimento e análise", explica seu diretor artístico Denis Laborde, um pesquisador da antropologia da música. A abordagem original e relevante deste diretor de pesquisa do CNRS, medalha de prata do CNRS 2020, e diretor de estudos do EHESS nos fez querer saber mais sobre a carreira deste especialista em música como ferramenta de análise das sociedades humanas. O pesquisador de 63 anos de idade retoma, com sua generosidade característica, as principais etapas de sua carreira
Providing Secure Coordinated Access to Grid Services
No full textCoordinating the cumulative use of distributed resources in a grid environment so that users do not consume too much is a difficult task. This paper presents one approach that we have implemented in Globus Toolkit version 4 (GT4), that uses an SQL database to hold coordination data, and policy decision points (PDPs) to make access control decisions about whether the users request for more resources can be granted or denied. When access is granted, obligations in the policy ensure that the coordination database is appropriately updated. In our initial implementation, the coordination service is embedded into the GT4 authorization chain as a custom PDP so that any web service can be provided with a security policy that provides a coordination capability. In the final section we describe how coordinated decision making could be more tightly integrated into a future version of GT
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Eight years of Doha trade talks
No full textIn 2001, the World Trade Organization launched a highly ambitious program of multilateral liberalization. Eight years later, concluding the negotiations is uncertain, though an opportunity still exists. Since 2001, many proposals on market access have been brought to the negotiating table by the E.U., the United States, and the G-20. Because it is politically and economically acceptable to many parties, the final December 2008 package could be the basis of an agreement. An evaluation of these various proposals shows how trade negotiations have been following countries’ strategic interests. In eight years, the ambition of the formula to reduce agricultural market access tariffs has increased, but flexibilities added to accommodate domestic political constraints have offset delivered market access. The December 2008 package would reduce these average tariffs by 25 percent, a reduction very close to the one implied by the Harbinson and Girard proposals of 2003. This has to be compared with the 73 percent reduction in world agricultural protection by the very ambitious 2005 U.S. proposal. The 2005 G-20 and E.U. proposals were intermediate outcomes. The December 2008 package implies a reduction of agricultural protection by 6 percentage points in high-income countries and 0.5 percentage points in middle-income countries. If the U.S. proposal had been applied, these figures would have been 12.4 and 4.7, respectively. Different scenarios imply losses for developing countries, reflecting eroding preferences and rising terms of trade for imported commodities, including food products. We study how this trade reform can be more development-friendly.Computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling, Developing countries, Trade negotiations, WTO Doha round,
Magnetoresistance of RuO2-based thick film resistors
No full textIn a series of samples whose composition was systematically changed, we have studied the magnetoresistance (Delta R/R = [R(B)-R]/R) of RuO2-based thick film resistors (TFR's) in magnetic fields (B) up to 20 Tesla and in a temperature range (1.2K<T<40K) in which their resistance exhibits insulating behavior at the boundary between rite strong and the weak localization. At the higher temperatures, Delta R/R exhibits a positive bump, that does not depend on the RuO2 concentration but it changes with the concentration of magnetic Mn impurities diluted in the glassy matrix. For T less than or equal to 20 K magnetoresistance is entirely negative and it has a quadratic magnetic field dependence at low field. We use the weak localization theory to relate these features of the high temperature magnetoresistance to the composition of TFR's. At low temperature (T<4.2K) the negative magnetoresistance shows some peculiarities. The quadratic term shrinks, within a vanishing magnetic field range and the magnetoresistance linearly increases in a wide range of B. Ar the strongest fields and the lowest temperature Delta R/R shows a tendency to saturation. Although these results do not enable to discriminate among different mechanisms, we note that the low temperature (T<4.2 K) behavior is essentially consistent,with recent theory of Nguen et al
Magnetic and electronic properties of Mn4Si7
No full textWe present a systematic study of the magnetization, Hall effect and specific heat on single crystals of Mn4Si7. Curie-Weiss law is observed above 43 K. At low-temperature moments order in an anisotropic helical state and are aligned above 1 T. We observe an anomalous Hall effect in both rho(H) vs. B and in R-H vs. T curves and a field dependence of the low T specific heat due to spin fluctuations. The magnetic moments (p(eff) and p(sat)) are the lowest reported for similar itinerant magnetic systems, this suggests that Mn4Si7 is a good candidate to observe critical quantum fluctuations expected for a marginal Fermi liquid
Electronic properties of TiSi2 single crystals at low temperatures
No full textWe report measurements of Hall effect, transverse magnetoresistance, and specific heat on high-quality TiSi2 (C54 phase) single crystals at low temperatures. We used crystals with low residual resistivity (typically rho(4.2 K)=0.15 mu Omega cm) and magnetic fields (B) up to 20 T. These facts allowed us to study the electronic properties from the low (omega(c) tau much less than 1) to the high field regime (omega(c) tau>1, omega(c)=eB/m* being the cyclotron frequency and tau the electron relaxation time) as a function of magnetic-field strength and temperature. The low field Hall coefficient R(H) is negative, almost constant R(H)=-(0.5+/-0.1)x10(-10) m(3)/C between 100 and 300 K and it changes sign at similar to 30 K. The angular dependence of magnetoresistance shows either minima or maxima when the magnetic field is parallel to the principal crystallographic axes. These structures are, however, less pronounced than in other silicides, such as PdSi2 and NbSi2, and this suggests only a weak anisotropy of the TiSi2 Fermi surface. The galvanomagnetic properties behave consistently with band-structure calculations of Mattheiss and Hensel [Phys. Rev. B 39, 7754 (1989)] who found that TiSi2 is a compensated metal with only closed orbits for the Fermi electrons. Using a simple two-band model we estimated, from the low field magnetoresistance, carrier density n(e)=n(h)=(0.45-0.52)x10(22) cm(-3) assuming equal concentration of electrons and holes. Low temperatures (1.6<22 K) specific-heat (C-p) measurements fit a linear C-p/T=gamma+beta T-2 dependence, with gamma=3.35+/-0.05 mJ/K-2 mol and beta=0.0201+/-0.0005 mJ/K-4 mel. From these parameters we estimated the Debye temperature Theta(D)=662+/-4 K and the renormalized electronic density of states at the Fermi surface N(epsilon(F))(1+lambda)=2.85 states/eV cell
Some properties of the phonon spectra of transition metal disilicides VSi2, NbSi2, and TaSi2
No full textThe phonon spectra of metallic disilicides VSi2, NbSi2, and TaSi2 have been studied in detail by inelastic neutron scattering at 300 K and specific heat measurements between 10 K and 250 K. The specific heat calculated from the generalised phonon density of states extracted from neutron measurements is in good agreement with the measured lattice contribution to the specific heat. The properties of the phonon spectra are discussed in relation with other data reported for these isostructural and isoelectronic disilicides. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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