1,720,965 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dynamics of the epidemiological indicators of tuberculosis in the Republic of Moldova during different periods and during the COVID-19 epidemics
Get PDFBACKGROUND. The second milestone of the World Health Organization developed End TB Strategy to be met in 2025 was the declining of the incidence by 50 % and the absolute number of deaths by 75 % from 2015 levels.
OBJECTIVE. To establish the dynamics of the main epidemiological indicators of tuberculosis in the Republic of Moldova during different periods including the period of COVID-19 pandemics in the frame of a prospective longitudinal study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. A prospective study, compared the statistical indicators of tuberculosis: global incidence, prevalence and mortality published in the informational system of monitoring and evaluation (SIME TB).
RESULTS. The global incidence was declining from 2015 till 2020, and then increased from 56.68 per 100,000 population in 2020 to 66.34 per 100,000 population in 2024 with 17 % rise. The analysis of prevalence revealed significant changes between the periods 2015-2019 and 2020-2024: considering the overall frequency of all case-types, localization and microbiological state, it was established that in 2015-2019 the total tuberculosis cases decreased from 4,056 in 2015 to 3,186 in 2019, with the prevalence rate dropping from 100.55 to 79.31 per 100,000 population and in 2020-2024 the total tuberculosis cases further decreased from 2,220 in 2020 to 1,589 in 2024, with the prevalence rate falling from 71.54 to 54.45 per 100,000 population. Tuberculosis mortality for 2020 was 5.2 per 100,000 population (207 cases), in 2021 it was 6.5 per 100,000 population (199 cases) with 3.9 % decreased. In 2022 mortality rate was 6.7 per 100,000 population (207 cases), in 2023 – 3.1 per 100,000 population (125 cases) and in 2024 – 2.2 per 100,000 population (99 cases).
CONCLUSIONS. Trends in tuberculosis prevalence and mortality indicate a general improvement in the control of this disease in Moldova over the past decades, with significant reductions in recent years. The increase with 17 % of the global incidence during the period of COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the challenges in tuberculosis control efforts in the country, underscoring the need for intensified interventions to reverse this trend and align with global reduction goals
Modern Aspects of Pulmonary Mycobacteriosis (Analytical Review)
No full textThe analysis of available scientific literature sources on the modern aspects of pulmonary mycobacteriosis is described in the article. The incidence of mycobacteriosis is 2.3 per 100 thousand of population, and pulmonary manifestation is observed in 94 % of cases. Analytical review has shown that in the clinic of internal and infectious diseases, there are increasingly diagnosed different variants of mycobacteriosis that indicates an increase of atypical mycobacteria role in the formation of respiratory pathology in humans. It is ascertained that microbiological study of the basic characteristics of nontuberculosis mycobacteria are not paid enough attention. It was concluded that most often mycobacterioses have tuberculosis-like clinical pattern and are difficultly diagnosed, often form mixed infection with tuberculosis; atypical mycobacteria are characterized by a wide range of resistance and potential pathogenicity for humans and animals. Risk factors of pulmonary mycobacteriosis, variants of clinical course, modern methods of the diagnosis and treatment approaches depending on the course are analyzed. It is shown that treatment of pulmonary mycobacteriosis is long and lasts for 12 months after receiving a negative sputum culture (conversion often takes place in 3–6 months)
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Clinical Features of Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Depending on the Type of Functional Activity of the Thyroid Gland
No full textThe article presents the data on clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis depending on the functional activity of the thyroid gland. It is found that in patients with impaired thyroid homeostasis, severe general condition, significant toxic and bronchopulmonary syndrome (p < 0.05) prevail more often compared with patients without disorders of thyroid homeostasis
Gut Microbiota in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Depending on the Drug Resistance Type before Treatment
No full textThe aim was to investigate violations of microbiota of the large intestine in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis depending on the type of drug resistance before treatment. Subjects and methods. Clinical and bacteriological signs of intestinal dysbiosis were analyzed in 40 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis with preserved sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (group 1), 50 patients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (group 2) and 20 patients with extensively drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (group 3), 30 healthy individuals. Results. In group 1 manifestations of dysbiosis were observed in 77.5 % of cases, in group 2 and 3 — in 96 and 100 % of cases, respectively. Microbiological manifestations of dysbiosis were detected in 92.7 % of the patients in group 1 and in 100 % of the patients in groups 2 and 3. Dysbacteriosis of the I stage was diagnosed in 20 % of the patients of group 1, in 8 % in group 2 and in 5 % in group 3. Dysbiotic violation of the II stage prevailed in the group 1 — 42.5 % of cases and was observed in groups 2 and 3 in 26 and 30 % of cases, respectively. Dysbacteriosis of the III stage occ — in 66 and 65 % of patients vs. 30 %, respectively. Conclusion. The results indicate a high incidence of intestinal dysbiosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis before the initial phase of treatment
Pathogenetic Substantiation for Applying Tivortin in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
No full textThe article presented the data on optimization of pathogenetic therapy by administration of tivortin in the intensive phase of chemotherapy in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis of the lungs. It is found that the use of tivortin has a positive effect on the primary etiological process, shortens inpatient treatment by rapid cessation of bacterial excretion in an average of 3.8 ± 0.7 months in 75 % of persons (r < 0.001)
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Clinical characteristics and risk factors for tuberculosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal analysis in a trans-border Ukrainian region
Get PDFOBJECTIVE. To assess the dynamics of the clinical peculiarities and risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic through a longitudinal analysis in a trans-border Ukrainian region.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. Objectives were: 1) assessment of the general peculiarities, social and epidemiological risk factors of patients diagnosed with TB clinically managed during three phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukrainian trans-border region Chernivtsi; 2) evaluation of the progression in the use TB diagnostic tools and their impact on the treatment effectiveness; 3) establishing the main issues and challenges in management of TB patients during three periods of the COVID-19 pandemic in the trans-border region. A prospective, case-control study, which was conducted from 2018 to 2023, included 896 patients registered during the pre-COVID pandemic, 579 patients during initial COVID-19 pandemic and 773 patients during the late-pandemic periods.
RESULTS. While the demographic characteristics of the patients did not differ during the pre-, initial and late-pandemic periods in a trans-border Ukrainian region, their clinical aspects, case-detection, management and treatment outcome were contrasting. The dynamics was negative during the initial COVID-19 pandemic in terms of severity of the clinical, radiological and laboratory aspects, which resulted in a higher rate of patients with negative outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS. Establishing the risk factors and issues with the greatest impact of the clinical case-management is crucial for targeted prevention and early intervention strategies for maintain the TB control at the regional trans-border level
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