19 research outputs found
PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS IN GASTROENTEROLOGICAL PRACTICE: FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA
No full textThe author discusses the results of clinicopathopsychological, psychometric, and gastroenterological studies in 103 patients treated at the gastroenterology clinic (Clinic of Faculty Therapy, I.M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy). Functional dyspepsia is held to be obligate psychosomatic syndrome with comorbidity mental (depressive, personality, and hypochondriac) disorders and its diagnosis and treatment require an interdisciplinary approach
DEPRESSION AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
No full textAccording to the results of integrated assessment of cardiological inpatients with depression, the author identified 2 possible variants of psychosomatic ratios: 1) subordinated with the leading role of a somatic disease in the genesis of developing symptomatic somatogenic and psychogenic mental disorders and 2) independent as the coexistence of mental disorders and a somatic disease. Their consideration is of importance for the diagnosis and substantiation of treatment policy
Lithurgus chrysurus Fonscolombe 1834
No full textLithurgus chrysurus Fonscolombe, 1834 Lithurgus chrysurus: Lavroff, 1927: 95 (Omsk Prov.). REMARK. Lavroff (1927) listed this species for the Omsk environs without data on specimens but noted that observations were made mainly in August. It is possible that most of his Lithurgus specimens were males with faded pubescence, which can cause them to be misidentified as L. chrysurus. Males of these species are easily distinguished by the shape of sternum 6 – widely rounded apically in L. cornutus and narrowed apically, nearly triangular in L. chrysurus. Although the observation of Lavroff may be based on misidentification, the occurrence of L. chrysurus in the West Siberian steppes is possible because it was listed for the Central Asian part of the former USSR (Banaszak & Romasenko, 2001), although verification of its presence in West Siberia is needed.Published as part of Byvaltsev, A. M., Belova, K. A., Danilov, Yu. N., Molodtsov, V. V. & Proshchalykin, M. Yu., 2018, Megachilid bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) of the forest-steppe and steppe zones of the West Siberian Plain to the eastward of Irtysh River, pp. 10-28 in Far Eastern Entomologist 364 on page 25, DOI: 10.25221/fee.364.3, http://zenodo.org/record/716854
Functional (psychosomatic) disorders in general medical practice
No full textObjective: to identify psychosomatic and somatopsychic ratios in the clinical picture of disorders detected by internists as functional disorders (FD) of unexplainable or insufficiently explainable origin.Patients and methods. In 2000 to 2017, an internist and a psychiatrist in the Internal Medicine Clinic made a joint examination of 640 patients (175 men and 465 women; the mean age of those in cardiology practice was 27.52±9.03 years; that of those in gastroenterology practice was 42.44±17.2 years, and that of those in pulmonology practice was 40.20±11.4 years) with various risk factors (RFs), who had for many years exhausted the clinical picture of diseases: neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia (FD), hyperventilation syndrome (HVS), and thermoneurosis (TN) (a study group). A comparison group included 245 patients (81 men and 164 women; their mean age was 38.78±8.07 and 48.12±10.92 years, respectively) with verified somatic diseases: hypertension, duodenal ulcer, asthma, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The patients were examined using both clinical and paraclinical studies in accordance with the standards for the above diseases and applying psychopathological and psychometric tests.Results and discussion. A comparative interdisciplinary study established that the general medical practice patients with NCD, IBS, FD, HVS, and TN had two etiopathogenetically different clinical RFs: a) RF as the clinical essence of the current somatic disease and b) RF comorbid in certain psychopathological disorders: affective (F30–F39) (57.9%), neurotic (F40–F48) (27.1%), and schizotypic (F21) (15.0%). In the structure of complex psychosomatic syndromes that are often encountered in therapeutic practice, they represent the pivotal manifestations of disease, the adequate diagnosis of which is supposed to require cooperative interdisciplinary work.Conclusion. Thus, our long-term study that is based on a single interdisciplinary approach has allowed us to formulate a modern concept of unity of the clinical stereotype of development of psychosomatic syndromes
Features of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus in schizotypal disorder
No full textTo describe the features and mechanisms of development of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes melitus and intermediate states of glycemia in psychosis the occurrence of these disorders, the values of total cholesterol, fractions of high density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, triglycerides, values of atherogenic coefficient, insulinemia, С-peptidemia, insulin resistance the level of glycated hemoglobin in a sample of patients with schizophrenia and in mentally healthy individual
Panic Attacks in Patients with Supraventricular Tachycardia: Problems of Differential Diagnosis and Impact on Quality of Life
No full textAim. To study the psychosomatic relationships and quality of life (QOL) of patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) depending on the presence or absence of panic attacks (PA) in comparison with patients with heartbeat against the background of somatoform autonomic dysfunction.Material and methods. The study included patients with SVT and heart attacks due to sinus tachycardia in the context of somatoform autonomic disorder (SAD). All patients were interviewed to identify anxiety and depressive disorders (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS] and Hamilton's Depression Scale), QOL assessment (SF-36 questionnaire), and they were also consulted by a psychiatrist who established the presence or absence of PA. According to a visual analogue scale, in points from 0 to 6, we assessed the general state of our patients' health (0 points corresponded to complete health, and 6 points corresponded to a serious illness) and the effect of heartbeat on well-being (0 points - no arrhythmia, 6 points - arrhythmia «nterferes with life»).Results. The study included 96 patients: 60 with SVT (21 men, 39 women, average age was 51 [33; 61] years) and 36 with heart attacks caused by sinus tachycardia in the framework of somatoform autonomic disorder (10 men, 26 women, average age was 33 [27; 41] years). Panic disorder was diagnosed in the SVT group in 17 patients, accounting for 28.3%. Only 7 patients (41%) could clearly differentiate between SVT and PA attacks. The low sensitivity of the HADS questionnaire in patients with SVT determined the need to consult a psychiatrist for the diagnosis of panic disorders.Conclusion. PA is typical for 28.3% of patients with SVT. The combination of SVT with PA reduces the QOL of patients due to its mental components, including due to the more frequent occurrence of depressive symptoms. Patients with SAD subjectively perceive the heartbeat as a more significant factor affecting health, compared with patients with SVT. Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of PA and SVT paroxysms in real clinical practice often lead to the appointment of the same therapy without taking into account the differences in the genesis of heartbeats
REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH ENCEPHALOPATHY CAUSED BY ACUTE CHEMICAL AGENTS POISONING. P300 OF AUDITORY EVENT RELATED POTENTIALS AND ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY
No full textRELEVANCE. Patients with encephalopathy due to acute chemical agents poisoning have some brain functioning changes and a cognitive impairment during the rehabilitation program. These changes require correction of appropriate diagnostic protocol and treatment.AIM. The aim of this study was to estimate changes of electroencephalography (EEG) and the P3 component of the event related potential (P300 ERP) that are observed in patients with encephalopathy due to acute chemical agents poisoning during stage of rehabilitation.MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study was included 25 patients (age 37 (32; 51)) poisoned different kind of neurotoxic substances (drugs, ethanol) and complicated by toxic and hypoxic encephalopathy. They have got the treatment of encephalopathy by mexidol intravenously, mesodiencephalic modulation (MDM) and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). All patients were recoded EEG (electroencephalograph of “MBN” company, Russia) and P300 ERP (“Neuron-Spectrum-5/EP” of “Neurosoft”, Russia) according to the international recommendations of clinical neurophysiologists. Neuropsychological testing was used for the assessment of cognitive functions.RESULTS. There were some disturbances in primary electroencephalograms of all subjects. The follow-up EEG recording showed the main group of patients who had got the treatment (mexidol, MDM, HBOT) had more often (11 patients) the EEG improvements compared to the controls (1 patient). The main group had more rarely the EEG impairments compared to the control group. 6 patients of main group and 3 patients of controls did not have EEG changes during the follow-up EEG recordings. All controls and 17 patients of the main group patients had different cognitive disturbances. After the treatment 15 patients of the main group had improved on neuropsychological tests (MMSE, Munsterberg test, Schulte table, Number Connecting Test). They also had a decrease in the N200, P300 peak latency and an increase in the N200, P300 peak amplitude. Only 3 patients of controls had improved on neuropsychological tests.CONCLUSION. The results of this study show that mexidol, MDM, HBOT using in the treatment of patients with acute chemical agents poisoning leads to the improvement of brain state and cognitive function compared to the controls. The findings of study have allowed making a preliminary conclusion that using in the treatment this kind of patients the combination HBOT+mexidol or MDM+HBOT+mexidol improves the results of neuropsychological examination
Истерические и коморбидные психические расстройства в амбулаторной неврологической практике
No full textIntroduction. Particular problems in diagnosing hysteria are determined by its inordinate changeability, which explains the traditional ambiguity of ideas concerning its essence and the specific diagnostic problems. As we know, a significant number of patients with conversion and dissociative disorders present at neurological clinics, thus constituting the distinct cohort of “difficult patients”.Study aim. Identifying the current clinical-dynamic regular patterns of hysterical disorders (taking into account the temporal pathological morphosis) for purposes of providing substantiation for their psychopathological essence and the optimal therapeutic-diagnostic tactics in respect of the pertinent cohort of patients.Materials and methods. Between 2016 and 2018 at the “Practical Neurology” Medical Center we have examined 80 patients (71 women and 9 men) aged between 17 and 72. The criteria for inclusion into this group were the presence of hysterical symptoms as the main disorder in the clinical picture, and meeting the criteria for being the so-called «difficult patient», which are well-known in clinical practice. After having excluded the presence of organic neurological pathology, and taking into account the specifics of their current complaints (which correspond to conversion and somatoform disorders), the patients have been seen by a psychiatrist on condition of having obtained their informed consent. The examination was carried out by means of collecting anamnestic data from patients and people closely involved with them. Disorders were diagnosed in accordance with the ICD-10 criteria and with the use of the brief scale for assessing the mental status of MMSE (Mini-mental State Examination). Statistical processing of obtained data has been carried out with the use of Statistica 10. rus software. Comparative study of frequencies has been carried out with the F-test – φ* criterion; differences with р <0.05 were seen as reliable.Results. Hysterical disorders in the examined patients have been differentiated within four clusters: 1) motor disorder (n = 24 (30 %)); 2) sensory disorders (n = 29 (36.2 %)); 3) somatoform disorders (n =5 (6.3 %)); and 4) dissociative disorders (n = 22 (27.5 %)). Comorbid mental disorders in the examinees were represented by: 1) affective disorders F30–39 (n = 42 (52.5 %)); 2) schizophrenia spectrum disorders F20–29 (n = 20 (25 %)); 3) personality disorders F60–69 (n = 14 (17.5 %)); 4) organic mental disorders F00–09 (n = 3 (3.75 %)); 5) posttraumatic stress disorder F43 (n = 1 (1.3 %)). Hysterical disorders manifest high comorbidity with other mental disorders, above all, – the affective ones, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and the pathology of personality. The nature of comorbid pathology determines the clinical-dynamic regular patterns of hysterical syndromes, the diagnostic problems of prime concern, and the tactics of therapy. Conclusion. Interdisciplinary approach contributes to improving the effectiveness of therapeutic-diagnostic assistance provided to patients with hysterical and comorbid mental disorders.Введение. Особые диагностические проблемы истерии обусловлены ее чрезмерной изменчивостью, что и объясняет традиционную неоднозначность представлений о ее сущности, специфические проблемы диагностики. Известно, что значительное число пациентов с конверсионными и диссоциативными расстройствами обращаются в неврологические клиники, составляя особый контингент «трудных больных».Цель исследования – выяснение на современном этапе клинико-динамических закономерностей истерических расстройств (с учетом временного патоморфоза) для обоснования их психопатологической сущности, оптимальной лечебно-диагностической тактики в отношении соответствующего контингента больных.Материалы и методы. В 2016–2018 гг. в Медицинском центре «Практическая неврология» обследованы 80 пациентов (71 женщина, 9 мужчин) в возрасте от 17 до 72 лет. Критерии включения в группу: наличие в картине болезни истерической симптоматики в качестве ведущего расстройства, соответствие известным в клинической практике критериям трудного пациента. Критерии исключения: наличие органической патологии нервной системы или иных клинических причин, способных вызвать подобные симптомы. Из-за специфики актуальных жалоб (соответствующих таковым при конверсионных и соматоформных расстройствах), пациенты на условиях информированного согласия прошли консультацию психиатра. Обследование проводилось путем сбора анамнестических сведений у пациентов и заинтересованных близких; диагностика выявляемых расстройств осуществлялась в соответствии с критериями Международной классификации болезней 10‑го пересмотра (МКБ-10), с использованием краткой шкалы оценки психического статуса MMSE (Mini-mental State Examination). Статистическая обработка полученных данных проведена с использованием пакета программ Statistica 10. rus. Сравнительное частотное исследование проводилось с помощью углового преобразования Фишера – критерий φ*; достоверными считались различия при р <0,05.Результаты. Истерические расстройства у обсследованных пациентов были дифференцированы в пределах 4 кластеров: 1) расстройства двигательной сферы (n = 24 (30 %)); 2) расстройства чувствительной сферы (n = 29 (36,2 %)); 3) соматоформные расстройства (n = 5 (6,3 %)); 4) диссоциативные расстройства (n = 22 (27,5 %)). Коморбидные психические расстройства у обследованных были представлены в виде: 1) аффективных расстройств F30–39 (n = 42 (52,5 %)); 2) расстройств шизофренического спектра F20–29 (n = 20 (25 %)); 3) расстройств личности F60–69 (n =14 (17,5 %)); 4) органических психических расстройств F00–09 (n = 3 (3,75 %)); 5) посттравматического стрессового расстройства F43 (n = 1 (1,3 %)). Истерические расстройства обнаруживают высокую коморбидность с иными психическими расстройствами – прежде всего аффективными, расстройствами шизофренического спектра и личностной патологией. Характер коморбидной патологии определяет клинико-динамические закономерности истерических синдромов, приоритетные диагностические проблемы, терапевтическую тактику.Заключение. Повышению эффективности лечебно-диагностической помощи пациентам с истерическими и коморбидными психическими расстройствами способствует междисциплинарный подход
IBS-like manifestations in large intestine diverticular disease
No full textThe article is devoted to the diverticular colon disease, its uncomplicated form, the connection with age. Symptoms allowing to define presence at this form of disease of IBS-like symptoms – pains and infringements of the psycho-emotional status are highlighted. The results of psychometric research and psychiatrist’s consultation of 102 patients are presented. The role of obesity in the genesis of diverticular disease is highlighted. The significance of spasmolytic therapy, in particular mebeverine, is presented
