209 research outputs found
'New' Polish migration to the UK: a synthesis of existing evidence
No full textThis paper provides a synthesis of existing knowledge on the post-accession wave of Polish migration to the United Kingdom, placing it in the context of historical and contemporary flows. It discusses available data on migration trends and pinpoints their shortcomings. Finally, it introduces the background to the CPC project ‘International mobility and its impact on family and household formation among Polish migrants living in England and Scotland’, drawing attention to the significance of geographical location, and the urban and rural divide for the formation of the new Polish communities.<br/
sj-docx-3-mdm-10.1177_0272989X211029579 – Supplemental material for Doctors’ Attitudes to Patient Question Asking, Patient-Generated Question Lists, and Question Prompt Lists: A Qualitative Study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-3-mdm-10.1177_0272989X211029579 for Doctors’ Attitudes to Patient Question Asking, Patient-Generated Question Lists, and Question Prompt Lists: A Qualitative Study by Marguerite Clare Tracy, Danielle Maree Muscat, Heather L. Shepherd and Lyndal Jane Trevena in Medical Decision Making</p
sj-docx-2-mdm-10.1177_0272989X211029579 – Supplemental material for Doctors’ Attitudes to Patient Question Asking, Patient-Generated Question Lists, and Question Prompt Lists: A Qualitative Study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-2-mdm-10.1177_0272989X211029579 for Doctors’ Attitudes to Patient Question Asking, Patient-Generated Question Lists, and Question Prompt Lists: A Qualitative Study by Marguerite Clare Tracy, Danielle Maree Muscat, Heather L. Shepherd and Lyndal Jane Trevena in Medical Decision Making</p
sj-docx-1-mdm-10.1177_0272989X211029579 – Supplemental material for Doctors’ Attitudes to Patient Question Asking, Patient-Generated Question Lists, and Question Prompt Lists: A Qualitative Study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-mdm-10.1177_0272989X211029579 for Doctors’ Attitudes to Patient Question Asking, Patient-Generated Question Lists, and Question Prompt Lists: A Qualitative Study by Marguerite Clare Tracy, Danielle Maree Muscat, Heather L. Shepherd and Lyndal Jane Trevena in Medical Decision Making</p
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oils of Leptospermum petersonii and Eucalyptus gunnii
No full textThe aim of this study was to characterize the chemical composition and to evaluate the antimicrobial and phytotoxic properties of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from leaves of Leptospermum petersonii chemotype “Variety B” and Eucalyptus gunnii, native to Australia. Geranyl acetate, γ-terpinene, geraniol, terpinolene, α-pinene, p-cimene, and linalool were the main components in L. petersonii EO, confirming also the existence of several chemotypes in such taxa; on the other hand, 1,8-cineole, trans-sabinene hydrate acetate, globulol, longicyclene, terpinolene, and camphene were present in major amounts in the E. gunnii EO. Chemical analysis of L. petersonii revealed that it belongs to the variety “B.” E. gunnii EO showed good antibacterial activity, with an MIC of 0.5 and 2 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, and Pectobacterium carotovorum, respectively. The activity of E. gunnii EO was stronger than L. petersonii EO, whose maximum MIC reached 5 μg/mL. E. gunnii and L. petersonii EOs were particularly effective in inhibiting the biofilm formation by S. aureus, already at a concentration of 0.01 μg/mL. The other strains were resistant to both EOs up to a dose of 0.05 μg/mL. The maximum inhibition on biofilm formed by P. carotovorum was recorded for E. gunnii EO, reaching a value of 93.12% at 1.0 μg/mL. This is the first manuscript which studies the biofilm inhibition by EOs and evaluates their effects on biofilm metabolism. Both EOs were more effective against P. carotovorum. In addition, even though L. petersonii EO 0.1 μg/mL was unable to inhibit biofilm formation by Escherichia coli, it decreased the metabolic activity of the biofilm to 78.55% compared to control; furthermore, despite it inducing a relatively low inhibition (66.67%) on biofilm formation, it markedly affected metabolic activity, which decreased to 16.09% with respect to the control. On the contrary, L. petersonii EO 0.5 μg/mL induced a 79.88% inhibition of S. aureus biofilm, maintaining a high metabolic activity (90.89%) compared to the control. Moreover, this EO showed inhibitory activity against radical elongation of Solanum lycopersicum and the germination of radish. On the contrary, E. gunnii EO showed no phytotoxic activity
A decision aid to support informed choices about bowel cancer screening among adults with low education: randomised controlled trial
No full textABSTRACTObjective To determine whether a decision aid designedfor adults with low education and literacy can supportinformed choice and involvement in decisions aboutscreening for bowel cancer.Design Randomised controlled trial.Setting Areas in New South Wales, Australia identified associoeconomically disadvantaged (low educationattainment, high unemployment, and unskilledoccupations).Participants 572 adults aged between 55 and 64 with loweducational attainment, eligible for bowel cancerscreening.Intervention Patient decision aid comprising a paperbased interactive booklet (with and without a questionprompt list) and a DVD, presenting quantitative riskinformation on the possible outcomes of screening usingfaecal occult blood testing compared with no testing. Thecontrol group received standard information developedfor the Australian national bowel screening programme.All materials and a faecal occult blood test kit were posteddirectly to people’s homes.Main outcome measures Informed choice (adequateknowledge and consistency between attitudes andscreening behaviour) and preferences for involvement inscreening decisions.Results Participants who received the decision aidshowed higher levels of knowledge than the controls; themean score (maximum score 12) for the decision aidgroup was 6.50 (95% confidence interval 6.15 to 6.84)and for the control group was 4.10 (3.85 to 4.36;P<0.001). Attitudes towards screening were less positivein the decision aid group, with 51% of the participantsexpressing favourable attitudes compared with 65% ofparticipants in the control group (14% difference, 95%confidence interval 5% to 23%; P=0.002). Theparticipation rate for screening was reduced in thedecision aid group: completion of faecal occult bloodtesting was 59% v 75% in the control group (16%difference, 8% to 24%; P=0.001). The decision aidincreased the proportion of participants who made aninformed choice, from 12% in the control group to 34% inthe decision aid group (22% difference, 15% to 29%;P<0.001). More participants in the decision aid group hadno decisional conflict about the screening decisioncompared with the controls (51% v 38%; P=0.02). Thegroups did not differ for general anxiety or worry aboutbowel cancer.Conclusions Tailored decision support information can beeffective in supporting informed choices and greaterinvolvement in decisions about faecal occult bloodtesting among adults with low levels of education,without increasing anxiety or worry about developingbowel cancer. Using a decision aid to make an informedchoice may, however, lead to lower uptake of screening.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00765869 andAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry12608000011381
Mobility of Labor and Services across the Baltic Sea after EU Enlargement: Trends and Consequences. CES Working Paper No. 161, 2008
No full textThe enlargement of the EU/EEA area on 1 May 2004 to comprise 28 countries – including eight Central and Eastern European countries, in 2007 followed by Bulgaria and Romania – was a milestone. The subsequent opening of the markets for labor and services between countries with gaps in wages and living conditions comparable to those along the U.S./Mexican border has no modern precedent, prompting new patterns of competition, migration and adjustment in national labor market regimes. This paper reviews developments in labor migration after enlargement and the implications for the labor markets in the Baltic states and Poland, which have accounted for a predominant share of the intra-EU/EEA migration flows since 2004. Besides the UK and Ireland, where almost one million EU8 citizens had registered in 2007, the booming Nordic economies have become important destinations, having granted more than 250,000 permits and seen sizeable additional flows of service providers and self-employed from the Baltic states and Poland. In the sending countries, rising demand for labor has, alongside strong outmigration – especially among young and well-educated groups – engendered falling unemployment, soaring wage growth, and made shortages of skills and labor an obstacle to further economic recovery. Yet, while better paid temporary work abroad may weaken the incentives for employment, mobility and training in the home country, aging will lead to shrinking working-age populations in the coming years. Unless the Baltic states and Poland can entice a larger share of the population to work in their home countries – and/or can attract substantial labor migration from third countries – the declining work force may easily entail economic stagnation and reinforce the outflow of human resources. These countries are thereby facing a critical juncture in their economic and social development. In the recipient Nordic countries, the growing labor and service mobility, low cost production, and competition for labor in Europe, as well as emerging lines of division in the labor markets, have, on the other hand, raised new questions as to how the principles of free movement and the egalitarian Nordic models can be made reconcilable in the open European markets
Szkolnictwo a „sprawa migrancka”: percepcje angielskiego a polskiego systemu edukacyjnego i ich wpływ na decyzje migracyjne
No full textThe paper offers an insight into Polish migrants’ perceptions of the English education system and how these may impact on their future migration decisions. The study is based on interviews with Polish parents living in England. First, the author discusses the English education system and explains how disparate it is from the Polish one. Next, Polish migrants’ perceptions of the English education system are discussed. The Polish system is described as promoting higher academic standards, more discipline and a stronger work ethic. In the final section, the author argues that differences between the two systems complicate the issue of prospective return, with many parents fearing their children would not be able to (re‑) enter the Polish education system. Therefore, to Polish parents living in England schooling is a significant factor in making decisions regarding settlement in the UK
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