1,721,016 research outputs found
Mrs. Joseph L. Tonetti, and her children, Robert, Joe, John, and Mary
No full textMrs. Joseph L. Tonetti, is shown posing with her three sons and daughter. Mrs. Tonetti sits in the back, with her son Robert to her right. In the front, left to right, sit Joe, John, and Mary. Published in the morning edition, April 30, 1950.https://mavmatrix.uta.edu/specialcollections_startelegram1950s/3587/thumbnail.jp
Machines and diseases: Giorgio Baglivi and his mechanistic physiopathology
No full textThe Croatian physician Giorgio Baglivi (1668-1707), professor of anatomy and surgery and, from 1702, of theoretical medicine at the Studium Urbis, is traditionally considered a leading representative of the Italian “iatromechanism”. Iatromechanism (or iatrophysics) is a 17th-century medical tradition, which attempts to explain normal and diseased states of the body in mechanistic terms, according to the laws of physics. In a famous passage from De praxi medica, quoted by Canguilhem in Machine et organisme, Baglivi compares the parts of the body to different kinds of physical devices, such as retorts, hydraulic pipes, springs, ropes, and so on. However, despite this radical reductionism, Baglivi also realizes that diseases cannot be entirely reduced to physics, the morbid states of the body being something completely different from malfunctioning of machines. Baglivi in fact rejects the use of mechanical devices for the treatment of diseases; in his view, the improvement of medicine only depends on the practice itself. Therefore, Baglivi recognizes, albeit not explicitly, the limits of iatromechanism in pathology, proving that this category needs a thorough revision. In this paper, I examine the role of mechanics in Baglivi’s medicine, by analysing, in particular, the problem of the relationship between solids and fluids in the body
The Synthetic Approach and the Evolution of Cognition
No full textArtificial intelligence (AI) and cognitive science are usually described as two fields characterized by different trends in different times. Old trends are symbolic, computational and representation-oriented, while new trends are more sub-symbolic, biological inspired, dynamical and brain-grounded and environment-oriented, such as within the embodied cognition range of different approaches. Of course, even evolution is connected with AI and cognitive science, but in this chapter my claim is that evolution is not just typical of new AI and cognitive science, and that new AI and cognitive science are not totally influences by evolutionary notions and methods. My main thesis is, therefore, that biological inspiration and conceptual framework, on one side, and evolution, on the other side, are not superimposable within these disciplines. In addiction, assuming that synthetic method is a unifying method of AI and cognitive science, I want to make some remarks on the relationship between the synthetic method and the exploiting of evolutionary methods and conceptual framework to explain cognitive capabilities and the intelligent behavior
Circadian type and mood seasonality in adolescents
No full textThe aim of the present study was to investigate, for the first time, the relationship between circadian preference and mood seasonality in adolescents. To this end, 1539 participants (881 female; 658 male) completed the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents and the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents to determine circadian preference and mood seasonality, respectively. Evening types achieved significantly higher mood seasonality scores than intermediate and morning types, as intermediates did than morning types. Agreeing with previous studies on young adults and adults, the present data indicate a significant relationship between eveningness and higher mood seasonality in adolescents
Mind's Eye: A case of Out-of-Body Experiences
No full textAutoscopic phenomena (AP) are complex experiences that include the visual illusory reduplication of one's own body. From a phenomenological point of view, we can distinguish three conditions: autoscopic hallucinations, heautoscopy, and out-of-body experiences. The dysfunctional pattern involves multisensory disintegration of personal and extrapersonal space perception. The etiology, generally either neurological or psychiatric, is different. Also, the hallucination of Self and own body image is present during dreams and differs according to sleep stage. Specifically, the representation of the Self in REM dreams is frequently similar to the perception of Self in wakefulness, whereas in NREM dreams, a greater polymorphism of Self and own body representation is observed. The parallels between autoscopic phenomena in pathological cases and the Self-hallucination in dreams will be discussed to further the understanding of the particular states of self awareness, especially the complex integration of different memory sources in Self and body representation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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