481 research outputs found
Relative socioeconomic characteristics of the three IPCC SRES scenarios used in this assessment.
No full text<p>See Nakicenovic et al. (2000) for additional information on SRES characteristics and Sohl et al. (2014) for how these characteristics were interpreted to create the LULC projections used in this assessment.</p><p>Relative socioeconomic characteristics of the three IPCC SRES scenarios used in this assessment.</p
KMF-006
No full textThis is a book entitled "Kitail Lokaiahn Pohnpei: Introductory Lessons in Ponapean," which was published in November 1969. It was funded by the United States Peace Corps and developed by Kenneth L. Rehg with the assistance of Damian Sohl. The book was designed for training volunteers in the Ponape District, and it contains both a long and a short course of instruction. The book's preface indicates that it has accompanying audio materials, including dialgogues and listening comprehension exercises.Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesi
Hypoxia in arterial and venous specification during vascular development
No full textA developing embryo needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients in order to survive and grow into a functioning organism. During the earliest embryonic stages passive diffusion is enough to sustain the embryo. At later embryonic stages however, a system for delivering the necessary oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the embryo is needed. As a consequence, the vasculature is the earliest functional organ to form during embryonic development. The area of interest for my research has been vascular development, with a specific aim to uncover mechanisms of arterial and venous specification during embryogenesis. This research could be important for understanding underlying mechanisms behind several severe pathologies such as cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis.In the first study we developed a system for generating endothelial cells with arterial or venous characteristics from ESC (Embryonic stem cells). We showed that VEGF play a critical role in determining both arterial and venous fate. Differentiation of ESCs to endothelial cells using high levels of VEGF promoted arterial specification, while low levels of VEGF induced venous fate. In addition we could show that the VEGF signaling was dependent on Notch signaling for driving arterial fate.In the second paper we characterized the promoter region of ephrinB2, a gene specifically expressed in arteries but not in veins, in order to identify transcription factors involved in arterial specification. In this study we identified the minimal promoter region of ephrinB2 and proved that the transcription factors MAZ, Meis1 and NFY bind to the promoter and induce EphrinB2 expression in MAE cells. In addition, a TATA-box necessary for ephrinB2 expression was identified.In the third paper we showed that ephrinB2 is up regulated in response to hypoxia in mouse arterial endothelial (MAE) cells, and aimed to reveal the mechanism for hypoxic regulation of ephrinB2. We proved that neither hypoxia inducible factor (Hif) 1a nor Hif- 2a was responsible for inducing ephrinB2 expression in MAE cells. Instead we showed that Sp1 binds to the promoter during hypoxic conditions but not in normoxia, while the opposite is true for MAZ. Also, knocking down Sp1 proved to reduce ephrinB2 expression in hypoxic MAE cells.In the fourth manuscript we used the in vitro ESC differentiation system developed in the first study to investigate how hypoxia affects arterial/venous differentiation of vascular progenitor cells. We showed that hypoxia activates an arterial transcriptional program and that this response is not driven by classic VEGF signaling, but rather by Notch and Adrenomedullin signaling.List of scientific papersI. Lanner F, Sohl M, Farnebo F (2007). Functional arterial and venous fate is determined by graded VEGF signaling and notch status during embryonic stem cell differentiation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 27(3): 487-93. Epub 2006 Dec 21 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17185616II. Sohl M, Lanner F, Farnebo F (2009). Characterization of the murine Ephrin-B2 promoter. Gene. 437(1-2): 54-9. Epub 2009 Mar 5 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19268698III. Sohl M, Lanner F, Farnebo F (2009). Hypoxia induced expression of ephrinB2 is independent of Hif-1. [Manuscript]IV. Lanner F, Sohl M, Hansson E, Carmeliet P, Poellinger L, Lendahl U, Farnebo F (2009). Hypoxic induction of Adrenomedullin and Notch signaling promotes arterial differentiation of embryonic stem cells. [Manuscript]</p
Pro Region C-Terminus:Protease Active Site Interactions Are Critical in Catalyzing
No full textR-Lytic protease is encoded with a large (166 amino acid) N-terminal pro region that is required transiently both in vivo and in vitro for the correct folding of the protease domain [Silen, J. L., and Agard, D. A. (1989) Nature 341, 462-464; Baker, D., et al. (1992) Nature 356, 263-265]. The pro region also acts as a potent inhibitor of the mature enzyme [Baker, D., et al. (1992) Proteins: Struct., Funct., Genet. 12, 339-344]. This inhibition is mediated through direct steric occlusion of the active site by the C-terminal residues of the pro region [Sohl, J. L., et al. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 3894-3904]
Business angels
No full textBusiness angels are conventionally defined as high net worth individuals who invest their own money, along with their time and expertise, directly in unquoted companies in which they have no family connection, in the hope of financial gain. The term angel was coined by Broadway insiders in the early 1900s to describe wealthy theatre-goers who made high risk investments in theatrical productions. Angels invested in these shows primarily for the privilege of rubbing shoulders with the theatre personalities that they admired. The term business angel was given to those individuals who perform essentially the same function in a business context (Benjamin and Margulis, 2000: 5). There is a long tradition of angel investing in businesses (Sohl, 2003). Moreover, angel investing is now an international phenomenon, found in all developed economies and now diffusing to emerging economies such as China (Lui Tingchi, and Chen Po Chang,, 2007). However, it has only attracted the attention of researchers since the 1980s
Business angel investing
No full textBusiness angels are conventionally defined as high net worth individuals who invest their own money, along with their time and expertise, directly in unquoted companies in which they have no family connection, in the hope of financial gain. The term angel was coined by Broadway insiders in the early 1900s to describe wealthy theatre-goers who made high risk investments in theatrical productions. Angels invested in these shows primarily for the privilege of rubbing shoulders with the theatre personalities that they admired. The term business angel was given to those individuals who perform essentially the same function in a business context (Benjamin and Margulis, 2000: 5). There is a long tradition of angel investing in businesses (Sohl, 2003). Moreover, angel investing is now an international phenomenon, found in all developed economies and now diffusing to emerging economies such as China (Lui Tingchi, and Chen Po Chang,, 2007). However, it has only attracted the attention of researchers since the 1980s
A cellular automata downscaling based 1 km global land use datasets (2010–2100)
No full textThis database includes fractional
cover types (i.e., cropland, forest, grass, shrub, wetland, water, impervious, barren,
snow/ice, and urban green spaces) at 30 arc second, under four representative concentration
pathway (RCP) (i.e., RCP26, RCP45, RCP60,and RCP85) scenarios in future
(2010-2100).
The value of each pixel indicates
the fraction of this cover in each grid. Should multiple a scaling value of
0.01. The dataformat is GeoTIFF.
More details about this dataset can
be found in:
Li, X., Yu, L., Sohl, T., Clinton,
N., Li, W., Zhu, Z., Liu, X., & Gong, P. (2016). A cellular automata
downscaling based 1 km global land use datasets (2010–2100). Science
Bulletin, 61, 1651-1661.</p
Continuation der Gravaminum Religionis auß der untern Pfaltz : worinnen nicht nur allein die vorige zum Theil mehrers verificiret werden/ sondern auch darauß zu ersehe[n]/ daß J. Churfürstl. Durchl. zu Pfaltz das Jus Reformandi in anderer Reichsstände Territorio contra voluntatem & protestationem Domini Territorialis ex solo Jure collaturae, dem Westphälischen Frieden Schnur-stracks zuwider/ mit Gewalt behaupten
No full textBeiträger: G. Bich v. Sohl; J. Brüder; Brechenmacher; J. M. Scherling; Johann Henrich Bense; P. Gregorius Nastor; J. M. Fabis; L. Pickmann; Johann Ludwig Koch; J. P. Scherling; Görg Simon Lee
Geodynamic modeling of the ice-ocean system on Enceladus
No full textThe Saturnian moon Enceladus is one of the most geologically active bodies in the solar system. Ridged terrains dominated by intense tectonism are observed on both hemispheres while plume jets emanating from geological surface cracks are con?ned to the South Polar Terrain, thereby suggesting lateral heterogeneity of the satellite's internal structure. While the latter is not directly accessible, thermodynamic modeling provides important insights on its composition and physical properties. This study aims at building a consistent thermal model of the ice-ocean system to derive the layering of the ice shell and its lateral variations. Comparison with current ice shell thickness estimations and key observables such as mean density, moment of inertia factor or heat flux allows to further constrain the satellite's core density. We start from building internal structural reference models composed of four spherically symmetric homogeneous layers: a core, a salty liquid water layer, a lower warm ductile ice layer and an upper cold brittle ice layer. Since the total ice shell thickness is small compared to the satellite's mean radius (less than 10%), we apply and validate the thin shell approximation. It allows us to further compute a three dimensional thermodynamic model of the ice-ocean system accounting for the dissipation of tidal energy induced by diurnal tides. We show that the higher the core density, the thinner the ice shell to keep the salty ocean density within a realistic range (typically below 1250 kg m-3). We show that tidal dissipation solely occurs within the viscous ductile ice layer, and increases towards the poles. The resulting tidal polar surface heat flow is roughly ?ve times higher compared to the equatorial one. We finally propose a method to derive lateral variations of the brittle-to-ductile boundary that is consistent with the computed temperature distribution. Comparison with output power measurements and current estimations of lateral variations of the ice shell thickness allows us to constrain the core density around 3000 kg m-3, corresponding to a partly de-hydrated core
The relative impacts of climate and land-use change on conterminous United States bird species from 2001 to 2075.
No full textSpecies distribution models often use climate data to assess contemporary and/or future ranges for animal or plant species. Land use and land cover (LULC) data are important predictor variables for determining species range, yet are rarely used when modeling future distributions. In this study, maximum entropy modeling was used to construct species distribution maps for 50 North American bird species to determine relative contributions of climate and LULC for contemporary (2001) and future (2075) time periods. Species presence data were used as a dependent variable, while climate, LULC, and topographic data were used as predictor variables. Results varied by species, but in general, measures of model fit for 2001 indicated significantly poorer fit when either climate or LULC data were excluded from model simulations. Climate covariates provided a higher contribution to 2001 model results than did LULC variables, although both categories of variables strongly contributed. The area deemed to be "suitable" for 2001 species presence was strongly affected by the choice of model covariates, with significantly larger ranges predicted when LULC was excluded as a covariate. Changes in species ranges for 2075 indicate much larger overall range changes due to projected climate change than due to projected LULC change. However, the choice of study area impacted results for both current and projected model applications, with truncation of actual species ranges resulting in lower model fit scores and increased difficulty in interpreting covariate impacts on species range. Results indicate species-specific response to climate and LULC variables; however, both climate and LULC variables clearly are important for modeling both contemporary and potential future species ranges
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