1,721,012 research outputs found
Symposium n. 39 'Reconstruction of past cultural landscapes and human-related environmental changes using palynological and archeobotanical records'of the 12th International Palynological Congress and 8th International Organisation of Palaeobotany Conference (30 August-5 September 2008, Bonn, Germany)
No full textConveners of Symposium n° 39: MERCURI and SADORI; coordinator and organizations of the 12th IPC: THOMAS LITT.This symposium aims to strengthen the importance of parallel studies both on pollen and macroremains; the two data sets supply in fact a more complete picture of past green landscapes. The session will deal with archaeobotanical studies related to archaeological sites focusing on the evolution of the cultural landscape, and strengthening the importance of parallel studies both on microremains (mainly pollen, but also micro-charcoals, phytolits and diatoms), and macroremains (seeds/fruits, wood/charcoal, leaves) to obtain a more complete picture of past green landscapes. Studies from archaeological layers (on-site), and sediment cores (off-site) close to archaeological sites, recording human-related environmental changes are included. The proposed time period ranges from the Early to the Late Holocene, but key-contributions of different ages are welcome as well. Contributions are urged from all countries, searching for human behaviour similarities and dissimilarities in different environments. Archaeobotany strongly calls for the cooperative research of palynologists and palaeobotanists to enhance and enforce the potentialities of the two approaches. In fact, pollen, micro-charcoal, and other palynomorph records from the archaeological sites are an invaluable tool to follow the diachronical succession of events, and for studying the onset and evolution of cultural landscapes. Plant macroremains offer details on specific determinations and palaeoecological/ethnobotanical inferences. Besides being a useful local reference, they are fundamental in disentangling, at least on a regional scale, if environmental changes are human or climate induced. The palynology of archaeological sites offers detailed studies, which can be very useful in environmental archaeology, to assess the relevance of the human influence on different environments and the extension of land use
L’uso dei microresti vegetali per le ricostruzioni paleoambientali e per la valutazione degli effetti dell’attività antropica: l’esempio dei laghi vulcanici laziali
No full textNegli ultimi decenni diversi studi hanno dimostrato l’utilità di combinare le analisi polliniche con lo studio dei microcarboni e dei palinomorfi non pollinici [Carrión e Navarro, 2002; Miras et al., 2004; Riera et al., 2006] e sempre più spesso i lavori riportano risultati da entrambi i tipi di reperti, che possono essere analizzati sugli stessi preparati e quindi in laboratorio non richiedono estrazioni diverse.
Lo studio palinologico di sequenze lacustri oloceniche permette di approfondire la conoscenza dei complessi rapporti tra l’uomo e l’ambiente e di ricostruire le trasformazioni del paesaggio avvenute sia sotto la pressione di eventi naturali e/o climatici che culturali [Mercuri e Sadori, 2012, 2013; Mercuri et al., 2010; Roberts et al., 2011; Sadori et al., 2011]
Reconstruction of past cultural landscapes and human-related environmental changes using palynological and archaeobotanical records
No full textpresentazione del simposio n° 39, organizzato dalle autrici su due girnate (e 61 contributi) al 12th International Palynological Congress and 8th International Organisation of Palaeobotany ConferenceCultural landscape reconstruction based on integrated micro- and macro-remains studies is one of the last challenges for palynologists and archaeobotanists. The knowledge of past environments is of crucial help for archaeologists and historians. A correct and adapted sampling strategy is at the base of every scientific investigation in archaeological sites, but a univocal protocol cannot be assessed. Recent studies point out that archaeobotanical sampling has to be not only carried out in the case of visible records, but should be carefully searched in “anthropic” layers. It appears clear that all known techniques for past plants recovery and analysis should be applied on the same samples. Distinguishing signs of anthropic action, influence and impact by means of not-intentional or intentional plant management can be achieved not only by approaching the problem within a multidisciplinary framework, but also by parallel studies carried out both on pollen and macro-remains. The two data sets supply in fact a more complete picture of past green landscapes. Pollen, micro-charcoal, and other palynomorph records from the archaeological sites are an invaluable tool to follow the diachronical succession of events, and for studying the onset and evolution of cultural landscapes. The palynology of archaeological sites offers detailed studies, which can be very useful in environmental archaeology, to assess the relevance of the human influence on different environments and the extent of land use. Plant macroremains often allow specific determinations and both palaeoecological and ethnobotanical inferences. Besides being a useful local reference, they are fundamental in disentangling, at least on a regional scale, if environmental changes are human or climate induced. Studies from archaeological layers (on-site), and sediment cores (off-site) close to archaeological sites, recording human-related environmental changes, have repetitively revealed that human-induced environmental changes are quite clearly visible at least from the Neolithic onwards. Many examples from European and extra-European countries are reported, one time more testifying that the sampling and analytic methodology goes besides the geographical boundaries
La Ricerca Paleobotanica/ Paleopalinologica in Italia: stato dell’arte e spunti di interesse (Atti del Convegno Interdisciplinare di Modena, 20-21 novembre 2003)
No full textSi tratta degli atti dei lavori presentati in due giornate di studio svolte a Modena nel 2003 (organizzate da Marta Mazzanti, coordinatore del Gruppo per la Paleobotanica) che , dopo molti anni, hanno visto riuniti esperti di Paleobotanica e Palinologia italiani in un unico meeting. Le giornate si sono rivelate un nuovo inizio per queste materie in Italia, riallacciando rapporti e avviandone nuove, permettendo agli studiosi italiani di conoscersi, confrontarsi e avviarsi verso un panorama internazionale. Dopo quegli incontri, infatti, il Gruppo Italiano di Palinologia e quello di Paleobotanica della SOcietà Botanica Italiana si sono sempre più proposti in ambito internazionale
Cultural landscapes of the past
No full textThe special issue ‘‘Cultural landscapes of the past’’ is the outcome of the idea to present a set of researches centered on past cultural landscapes reconstructed principally on the basis of an integrated archaeobo- tanical approach. The publication of this topic on Plant Biosystems, the research international journal edited by the Societa` Botanica Italiana, accomplishes to our deliberate purpose of emphasizing the role of plants as key elements of the landscape and their consequent invaluable usefulness in revealing past cultural trajectories involving environmental trans- formations.The papers reported in this special issue present examples of archaeobotanical studies from Mediter- ranean countries, and offer a fairly articulated illustration of how much different contexts can be investigated. The range of time mainly includes Bronze Age and Roman times, but also some reference to later periods are included. As archae- obotanical analysis was well-defined by Faegri et al.’s (1989) words as the study of anthropogenic indica- tors in past contexts, most part of these papers is dedicated to consider and discuss the roles of cultivated and wild synanthropic plants
Cambiamenti climatici e impatto antropico nel Mediterraneo: la prospettiva paleo/archeobotanica.
No full textIl legame tra esseri umani e ambiente è una delle problematiche più stringenti degli ultimi decenni, volta in particolare a comprendere quale sostenibilità ambientale sia possibile in un momento di evidenti cambiamenti climatici (Diamond 2002; Oldfield 2005; Sadori 2007). Le ricerche sugli archivi biologici permettono di studiare la relazione tra storia della vegetazione e trasformazioni socio-ambientali per area geografica e per fase culturale (Berglund 2003; Birks et al. 1998; Mercuri 2008) La prospettiva paleo- e archeobotanica si occupa di questi temi attraverso lo studio di resti botanici, polline e macroresti vegetali, presenti in depositi di origine diversa. Lo studio del Tardoglaciale e Olocene, circa gli ultimi 15mila anni, mostra chiari cambiamenti della copertura vegetale che sono avvenuti in seguito a oscillazioni climatiche globali. Con una generalizzazione, possiamo riassumere i cambiamenti più evidenti in un andamento verso innalzamento delle temperature e calo delle precipitazioni, con variazioni stagionali, nel Mediterraneo centrale. Proprio nel Mediterraneo, l’Olocene medio ha visto anche il fiorire di alcune delle più importanti civiltà, preludio della società moderna. Molti autori sottolineano che le traiettorie di evoluzione culturale sembrano più o meno fortemente coincidere con cambiamenti climatici (Mercuri et al. 2011). Questi ultimi hanno portato, tra le proprie conseguenze, modifiche nell’assetto vegetazionale più o meno drammatiche. Resta comunque non facile avere a disposizione record che abbiano una sufficiente risoluzione sufficiente a discriminare tra modifiche ambientali climatiche o antropiche, perché è probabile che alcuni adattamenti all’ambiente siano avvenuti in modo sfumato e altre più brusco, in dipendenza dalle condizioni locali.Bibliografia citataBerglund BE (2003) Human impact and climate changes - synchronous events and a causal link? Quat Int 105: 7-12Birks HH, Birks JB, Kaland PE, Moe D (1988) The Cultural Landscape, Cambridge University Press, CambridgeDiamond J (2002) Evolution, consequences and future of plant and animal domestication. Nature 418: 700–707Mercuri AM (2008) Human influence, plant landscape, evolution and climate inferences from the archaeobotanical records of the Wadi Teshuinat area (Libyan Sahara). J Arid Environ 72: 1950–1967Mercuri AM, Sadori L, Uzquiano Ollero P (2011) Mediterranean and north-African cultural ad- aptations to mid-Holocene environmental and climatic change. Holocene 21: 189–206Oldfield F (2005) Environmental change: key issues and alternative approaches, Cambridge, University Press CambridgeSadori L (2007) Pollen Records, Postglacial. Southern Europe. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Sci- ences, Elsevier, pp. 2763-277
Holocene climatic-environmental changes and cultural trajectories in Mediterranean and African areas
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
- …
